In economic systems where commercialization of  R & D activities is an important problem, it is important for the competitiveness of national economies to determine the extent to which SMEs can commercialize their R & D activities and to determine the reasons for commercialization/non-commercialization and to make proposals for SMEs to achieve successful commercialization. Within the scope of KOSGEB and TUBITAK support, the enterprises that successfully completed an R & D project and reached the prototype were determined. 54 enterprises that carried out the project to commercialize R & D projects within the framework of Industrial Application Support Program have been determined as sample. In the study, which is applied qualitative research design, one of the purposeful sampling methods, extreme and deviant sampling method is used. Companies that have achieved turnover increase, asset increase and employment increase by completing Industrial Application Project have been determined by document examination method. The reasons for commercialization and non-commercialization were researched by structured interview method on enterprises that can and cannot commercialize in these companies. At the end of the R & D and commercialization processes, it was determined that the enterprises did not decrease at least and that the processes they applied in this scope created added value. It has been seen that the technical viewpoint is dominant in R & D activities. From the beginning of the R & D period, it has been determined that market and marketing oriented analyzes are inadequate. After reaching the prototype, it was determined that businesses focused on new R & D projects rather than professional commercialization. It has been determined that the commercialization process has failed due to the lack of adequate market analysis before the R & D project and the projecting of the existing or replacement products in the market.