Yeşilırmak Havzası Çakmak Barajı Rezervuarındaki Sediment Birikiminin Araştırılması

Barajların ekonomik ömrü, havzasından gelen sediment yüküne göre belirlenmektedir. Baraj ömrünü sonlandıran en büyük faktör, akarsu tarafından taşınan katı maddelerin (sediment, rüsubat, çökelti maddesi) baraj rezervuarının ölü hacmini doldurmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, Yeşilırmak Havzası Abdal akarsuyu üzerine inşa edilmiş Çakmak Barajındaki sediment birikimi incelenmiştir. Baraj rezervuarının 1988 ve 2014 yıllarına ait batimetrik haritalarından yararlanılarak NetCad 7.6 programı ile belirli aralıklarla boykesitler alınmış ve taban profilleri çizilmiştir. Çizilen rezervuar taban profillerinden sediment etkisiyle oluşan kot farkları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, kot-alan-hacim yöntemi kullanılarak, 26 yıllık süreçte rezervuar ölü, aktif ve toplam hacminde yer alan suyun hacimsel ve alansal oluşan kaybı hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, baraj hacminin sediment ile dolan hacmi elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulardan, sediment birikimi nedeniyle rezervuar tabanında 10 metreye kadar yükselmeler meydana geldiği görülmüştür. Barajın faydalı ömrünü belirleyen ölü hacminin yaklaşık olarak %30’unun sediment ile dolduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yeşilırmak Havzası, sediment birikimi, batimetrik araştırmalar, kot-hacim yöntemi

A Study on the Reservoir Sedimentation of Çakmak Dam Located in the Yeşilırmak Basin

The economic life of the dams is determined by the sediment load from their own basin. The most important factor terminating the life of the dam is filling of dead volume of the reservoir by solid materials (sediment, sedimentation, deposit material) carried by the river. In this study, sediment deposition in Çakmak Dam built on Abdal stream of Yeşilırmak Basin was investigated. Using the bathymetric maps of the dam reservoir belonging to 1988 and 2014 years, the bottom profiles and cross-sections at regular intervals were drawn by using NetCad 7.6 program. The elevation differences occurred by sediment loads were determined from drawing bottom profiles. In addition, using the elevation-area-volume method, the volumetric and areal losses of water in reservoir dead, active and total volume for 26 years were calculated. As a result, the volume of the dam was filled with the sediment. From the results, it has been observed that up to 10 meters of elevation occurs on the bottom of the reservoir due to sediment deposition. Approximately 30% of the dead volume determining the useful life of the dam was filled with sediment.

Keywords:

Yeşilırmak River Basin, reservoir sedimentation, bathymetric survey, elevation-volume curve,

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