Mehmet Tuncay ÇAĞATAY, Şeyda ÇAĞATAY, Süleyman KARACAN

Tepkimeli Damıtma Kolonunda Taguchi Metodolojisi ile Atık Yemeklik Yağdan Biyodizel Sentezi Optimizasyonu

Biyodizel üretiminde; aşırı alkol talebi, kısa katalizör ömrü ve yüksek üretim maliyeti geleneksel yöntemlerin dezavantajlarındandır. Tepkimeli (TD), reaksiyon ve ayırmayı birleştirerek işlemleri basitleştirir. Literatürde heterojen katalizörlü TD kolonunda sürekli akışlı biyodizel üzerinde çok az deneysel çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, daha ucuz bazik heterojen kalsiyum oksit ile dolgulu RD kolonunda, düşük fiyatlı atık yemeklik yağından (WCO) yağ asidi metil esterlerinin üretilmesi için ekonomik sürekli bir prosesin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Deneysel tasarım metodu olarak, deney sayısını önemli ölçüde azaltan Taguchi ortogonal dizinleri kullanılmıştır. Dönüşüm ve yatışkın hal süreleri sırasıyla %(72.99-99.52) ve (1.67-6.25) saat aralığında bulunmuştur. Design-Expert 6.0’da gömülü programlar yardımıyla, dört parametrenin etkisi istatistiksel varyans analizi(ANOVA) ile incelenmiş ve sayısal optimizasyon yapılmıştır. Maksimum % 99,48 dönüşüm ve 1.69 saatlik yatışkın hal süresinde, optimum koşullar; 2.90 ml/dk WCO akış hızı, 8.19 metanol/yağ molar oranı ve 0.419 kW kazan ısıtma yükü olarak nümerik optimizasyonla belirlenmiştir. Sonuçların literatürle oldukça uyumlu olduğu düşünüldüğünde Taguchi, ANOVA ve sayısal optimizasyonun başarılı bir şekilde gerçekleştirildiği anlaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, yüksek dönüşümlü ve ekonomik olarak uygulanabilir biyodizel üretiminin bu metodolojiyle mümkün olabileceği görülmektedir.

Optimisation of biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil in the reactive distillation column using taguchi methodology

Traditional biodiesel methods have disadvantages of excessive alcohol demand, short catalyst life, high manufacturing cost.Reactive distillation (RD) simplifies operations by combining reaction and separation. In literature, there was a few experimentalstudy on continuous–flow biodiesel in RD column with heterogeneous catalyst. So, it was aimed to develop economical continuousprocess for producing fatty acid methyl esters from low price waste cooking oil (WCO) in RD column packed with cheaper basicheterogeneous calcium oxide. Taguchi orthogonal arrays were used as experimental design to reduce number of experimentssignificantly. Conversions and steady state times were obtained in range of (72.99–99.52 )% and (1.67–6.25) hour, respectively.Effects of four parameters were analyzed by statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) and numerical optimization was performedby programs embedded in Design–Expert 6.0. Optimum conditions at the maximum conversion of 99.48% and steady state timeof 1.69 hour were determined as WCO flow rate of 2.90 ml/min, methanol/oil molar ratio of 8.19 and reboiler heat duty of 0.419kW by numerical optimization. Considering results were quite compatible with literature, it was understood Taguchi, ANOVA andnumerical optimization were carried out successfully. Consequently, it was deduced high conversion and economically feasiblebiodiesel could be probable by using this methodology.

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