Mehmet Tuncay ÇAĞATAY, Şeyda ÇAĞATAY, Süleyman KARACAN

Optimisation of Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil in the Reactive Distillation Column Using Taguchi Methodology

Traditional biodiesel methods have disadvantages of excessive alcohol demand, short catalyst life, high manufacturing cost. Reactive distillation (RD) simplifies operations by combining reaction and separation. In literature, there was a few experimental study on continuous–flow biodiesel in RD column with heterogeneous catalyst. So, it was aimed to develop economical continuous process for producing fatty acid methyl esters from low price waste cooking oil (WCO) in RD column packed with cheaper basic heterogeneous calcium oxide. Taguchi orthogonal arrays were used as experimental design to reduce number of experiments significantly. Conversions and steady state times were obtained in range of (72.99–99.52 )% and (1.67–6.25) hour, respectively. Effects of four parameters were analyzed by statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) and numerical optimization was performed by programs embedded in Design–Expert 6.0. Optimum conditions at the maximum conversion of 99.48% and steady state time of 1.69 hour were determined as WCO flow rate of 2.90 ml/min, methanol/oil molar ratio of 8.19 and reboiler heat duty of 0.419 kW by numerical optimization. Considering results were quite compatible with literature, it was understood Taguchi, ANOVA and numerical optimization were carried out successfully. Consequently, it was deduced high conversion and economically feasible biodiesel could be probable by using this methodology.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Reactive Distillation column, Biodiesel, waste cooking oil, optimization

Optimisation of Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil in the Reactive Distillation Column Using Taguchi Methodology

Keywords:

Reactive distillation column, biodiesel, waste cooking oil, optimization,

PDF

___

[1] Srivastava A. and Prasad R., Triglycerides–Based Diesel Fuels, Renew. Sustainable Energy Rev., 4: 111–33, (2000).
[2] Kouzu M., Kasuno T., Tajika M., Sugimoto Y., Yamanaka S. and Hidaka J., “Calcium Oxide as a Solid Base Catalyst for Transesterification of Soybean Oil and its Application to Biodiesel Production”, Fuel, 87: 2798–806, (2008).
[3] Liu X., He H., Wang Y., Zhu S. and Piao X., “Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel Using CaO as a Solid Base Catalyst”, Fuel, 87: 216–21, (2008).
[4] Zabeti M., Daud W. and Aroua M. K., “Activity of Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Production: A Review”, Fuel Process Technol., 90: 770–7, (2009).
[5] Yan S., Dimaggio C., Mohan S., Kim M., Salley S. O. and Simon K. Y., “Advancements in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Biodiesel Synthesis”, Top. Catal., 53: 721–36, (2010).
[6] Kulkarni M. G. and Dalai A.K., “Waste Cooking Oil–an Economical Source for Biodiesel: A Review”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 5: 2901–13, (2006).
[7] Phan A. N. and Phan T. M., “Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oils”, Fuel, 87: 3490–6, (2008).
[8] Jacobson K., Gopinath R., Meher L. C. and Dalai A. K., “Solid Acid Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil”, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 85: 86–91, (2008).
[9] Zhang Y., Dubé M. A., Mclean D. D. and Kates M., “Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: 1. Process Design and Technology Assessment”, Bioresour. Technol., 89: 1–16, (2003).
[10] Prasersit K., Mueanmas C. and Tongurai C., “Transesterification of Palm Oil With Methanol in a Reactive Distillation Column”, Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 70: 21–6, (2013).
[11] Kapilakarn K. and Peugtong A., “A Comparison of Costs of Biodiesel Production from Transesterification”, Int. Energy. J., 8: 1–6, (2007).
[12] Talebian–Kiakalaieh A., Amin N.A.S. and Mazaheri H., “A Review on Novel Processes of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil”, Applied Energy, 104: 683–710, (2013).
[13] Wang J., Ge X., Wang Z. and Jin Y., “Experimental Studies on the Catalytic Distillation for Hydrolysis of Methyl Acetate”, Chem. Eng. Technol., 24: 155–9, (2001).
[14] Taguchi G. and Konishi S., “Taguchi Methods, Orthogonal Arrays and Linear Graphs, Tools for Quality Engineering”, Dearborn: American Supplier Institute Inc., 35-8. (1987).
[15] Niju S., Begum K. M. and Anantharaman N., “Clam Shell Catalyst for Continuous Production of Biodiesel”, Int. J. of Green Energy, 13: 1314–9, (2016).
[16] Girish N., Niju S. P., Begum K. M. and Anantharaman N., “Utilization of a Cost Effective Solid Catalyst Derived from Natural White Bivalve Clam Shell for Transesterification Waste Frying Oil”, Fuel, 111: 653–8, (2013).
[17] Buasri A., Ksapabutr B., Panapoy M. and Chaiyut N., “Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Palm Oil Using Calcium Oxide Supported on Activated Carbon as Catalyst in a Fixed Bed Reactor”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 29: 1708–12, (2012).
[18] Noshadi I., Amin N. A. S. and Parnas R. S., “Continuous Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil in a Reactive Distillation Column Catalyzed by Solid Heteropolyacid: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)”, Fuel, 94: 156–64, (2012).
[19] Soares I. P., Rezende T. F., Silva R. C., Castro E. V. R. and Fortes I. C. P., “Multivariate Calibration by Variable Selection for Blends of Raw Soybean Oil/Biodiesel from Different Sources Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Spectra Data”, Energy Fuels, 22: 2079–83, (2008).
[20] Dube M. A., Zheng S., Mclean D. D. and Kates M. J. A., “A Comparison of Attenuated Total Reflectance–FTIR Spectroscopy and GPC for Monitoring Biodiesel Production”, J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 81: 599–603, (2004).
[21] Mahamuni N. N. and Adewuyi Y. G., “Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Method to Monitor Soy Biodiesel and Soybean Oil in Transesterification Reactions, Petrodiesel–Biodiesel Blends, and Blend Adulteration with Soy Oil”, Energy & Fuels, 23: 3773–82, (2009).
[22] Sabrina N. R., Vany P. F., Leandro S. O. and Adriana S. F., “FTIR Analysis for Quantification of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Biodiesel Produced by Microwave–Assisted Transesterification”, Int. J. of Environmental Science and Development, 6: 964–969, (2015).
[23] Çiçek A., Kıvak T. and Samtaş G., “Application of Taguchi Method for Surface Roughness and Roundness Error in Drilling of AISI 316 Stainless Steel”, Strojniški Vestnik J. of Mech. Eng., 58: 165–74, (2012).
[24] Unal R. and Dean E. B., “Taguchi Approach to Design Optimization for Quality and Cost: An Overview”, Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of the International Society of Parametric Analysts, New Orleans, LA, USA, 21-24 May. (1991).
[25] Kumar R. S., Sureshkumar K. and Velraj R., “Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Manilkara Zapota (L.) Seed Oil Using Taguchi Method”, Fuel, 140: 90‒96, (2015).
[26] Agarwal M., Soni S., Singh K., Chaurasia S. P. and Dohare R. K., “Biodiesel Yield Assessment in Continuous–Flow Reactors Using Batch Reactor Conditions”, Int. J. of Green Energy, 10: 28–40, (2013).
[27] Geacai S., Nita I., Iulian O. and Geacai E., “Refractive Indices for Biodiesel Mixtures”, UPB. Sci. Bull., Series B, 74: 149–60, (2012).
[28] Vicente G., Martinez M., Aracil J. and Esteban A., “Kinetics of Sunflower Oil Methanolysis”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44: 5447–54, (2005).
[29] Ceylan H., Kubilay S., Aktas N. and Sahiner N., “An Approach for Prediction of Optimum Reaction Conditions for Laccase–Catalyzed Bio–Transformation of 1–Naphthol by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)”, Bioresour. Technol., 99: 2025–31, (2008).
[30] Korbahti B. K. and Rauf M. A., “Response Surface Methodology Analysis of Photo Induced Decoloration of Toludine Blue”, Chem. Eng. J., 136, 25–30, (2008).
[31] Myers R. H. and Montgomery D. C., “Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments”, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd Ed., New York, (2000).
[32] Zhao L., Qiu Z. and Stagg–Williams S. M., “Transesterification of Canola Oil Catalyzed by Nanopowder Calcium Oxide”, Fuel Processing Technology, 114: 154–62, (2013).
[33] Kaur M. and Ali A., “Lithium Ion Impregnated Calcium Oxide as Nano Catalyst for the Biodiesel Production from Karanja and Jatropha Oils”, Renewable Energy, 36: 2866–71, (2011).
[34] Kouzu M., Hidaka J., Komichi Y., Nakano H. and Yamamoto M., “A Process to Transesterify Vegetable Oil With Methanol in the Presence of Quick Lime Bit Functioning as Solid Base Catalyst”, Fuel, 88: 1983–90, (2009).