Şükrü TALAŞ, Mustafa YAZAR, Milat KUL, Hilal KIR

Düşen Ağırlıklı Düşük Hız Balistik Testi ve Farklı Metal Türlerindeki Hasarı

Bu araştırmada, balistik test ile aynı et kalınlığına sahip farklı malzemelerden oluşan numunelerin balistik testi sırasında balistik uçta mermi tarafından uygulanan hasar mekanizması belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Aynı et kalınlığına sahip paslanmaz çelik, pirinç, bakır, düşük karbonlu çelik malzemeleri karşılaştırmak için serbest düşen düşük hızda balistik test yapılmıştır. Hassas kuvvet okumalarından oluşan bir düzenek kurulmuş ve çalışma prensipleri belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, mermi ucunun bir deformasyon bölgesi oluşturduğunun yanı sıra, hassas ölçümlerle belirlenmesi mümkün olan malzeme üzerindeki etkiyi absorbe etme durumunu da göstermiştir. Paslanmaz çelik ve Pirinç, muhtemelen düşük pekleşme özelliği nedeniyle düşük C çelik ve Bakırdan daha iyi performans göstermiştir. Dayanım katsayısı olan K, sonuçlarla anlamlı bir korelasyon göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Darbe hasarı, düşük hız balistiği, balistik test, dayanım katsayısı, balistik dayanım

Falling Weight Low Velocity Ballistic Testing and Its Damage on Different Type of Metals

In this research, the damage mechanism applied by the projectile at the ballistic tip on the samples during the ballistic test of the samples consisting of different materials with the same wall thickness as the ballistic test was attempted to determine. Free falling low velocity ballistic test was performed in order to compare stainless steel, brass, copper, low carbon steel materials with the same wall thickness section. A jig consisting of sensitive force readings was set up and its principles were established. This study showed that the projectile tip creates a deformation zone as well as the state of absorbing the impact on the material which are possible to determine by sensitive measurements. Stainless steel and Brass showed better performance than low C steel and Copper due possibly to low work hardening property. K, strength coefficient, showed a significant correlation with the results.

Keywords:

Impact damage, low velocity ballistic, ballistic testing, strength coefficient, ballistic resistance,

PDF

___

[1] Evci C. “Analysis of the effect of propellant temperature on interıor ballistics problem”. Journal of Thermal Engineering, 4(4): 2127-2136, (2018).
[2] Interior Ballistics of Guns, Ballistic Series, Engineering Design Handbook, US Army, (1965).
[3] Research and development of Materiel, Elements of Armament Engineering, Part 2: Ballistics, Engineering Design Handbook, US Army, (1963).
[4] Kiliç N. and Ekici B., “Ballistic resistance of high hardness armor steels against 7.62 mm armor piercing ammunition”, Materials and Design, 44:35-48, (2013).
[5] Übeyli M., Yildirim RO. and Ögel B., “On the comparison of the ballistic performance of steel and laminated composite armors”, Materials and Design, 28(4):1257-1262, (2007).
[6] Rahman NA., Abdullah S., Zamri WFH., Abdullah MF., Omar MZ. and Sajuri Z., “Ballistic limit of high-strength steel and Al 7075-T6 multi-layered plates under 7.62-mm armour piercing projectile impact”, Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 13: 1658-1676, (2016).
[7] Gupta K. and Madhu V., “An experimental study of normal and oblique impact of hard core projectile on single and layered plates”, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 18: 395-414, (1997).
[8] Resnyansky AD., “The impact response of composite materials involved in helicopter vulnerability assessment: Literature Review - Part 2”, Weapons Systems Division, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Department of Defence, DSTO-TR-1842 Part 2, Australia.
[9] Johnson GR. and Cook WH., “A constitutive model and data for metals Subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures”, Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Ballistics, 19-21 April, The Hague, 541-547, (1983).
[10] Bowen AW. and Partridge PG., “Limitations of the Hollomon strain-hardening equation”, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 7: 969-978, (1974).
[11] Warnet L. and Reed PE., “Falling weight impact testing principles”, Ed. By G. W. Swallowe in “Mechanical Properties and Testing of Polymers”, Springer Science, Dordrecht, (1999).
[12] Zhongping Z., Weihua W., Donglin C., Qiang S. and Wenzhen Z., “New formula relating the yield stress-strain with the strength coefficient and the strain-hardening exponent”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 13(4): 509-512, (2004).
[13] Rajput A. and Paul SK., “Effect of different tensile loading modes on deformation behavior of nanocrystalline copper: Atomistic simulations”, Results in Materials, 4:100042, (2019).
[14] Zhao JZ., De AK. and De Cooman BC., “Kinetics of Cottrell atmosphere formation during strain aging of ultra-low carbon steels”, Materials Letters, 44: 374-378, (2000).
[15] Ishii H. and Yukawa K., “The role of dislocation substructures in fatigue crack propagation in copper and alpha brass”, Metallurgical Transactions A, 10A: 1881-1887, (1979).
[16] Shintani T. and Murata Y., “Evaluation of the dislocation density and dislocation character in cold rolled Type 304 steel determined by profile analysis of X-ray diffraction”, Acta Materialia, 59: 11, 4314-4322, (2011).
[17] Müller S. and Zunger A., “Structure of ordered and disordered α-brass”, Physical Review B, 63: 09420, (2001).
[18] Hirth JP. and Lothe J., Theory of Dislocations, McGraw-Hill, New York, (1982).
[19] Wang H., Jing H., Zhao H., Han Y., Lv X. and Xu L., “Dislocation structure evolution in 304L stainless steel and weld joint during cyclic plastic deformation”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 690: 16-31, (2017).
[20] Pereira JCC., Rodrigues PCM. and Abrão AM., “The surface integrity of AISI 1010 and AISI 4340 steels subjected to face milling”, J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng., 39: 4069–4080, (2017).
[21] Kim G., Rempe JL., Knudson DL., Condie KG. and Sencer BH., “In-situ creep testing capability for the advanced test reactor”, Nuclear Technology 179(3):413-428, (2012).
[22] Kalpakjian S and SR. Schmid, “Manufacturing Engineering and Technology”, 7th Edition, Pearson, NY, (2013).
[23] Callister, DW., Materials Science and Engineering, 6th Edition, Wiley, (2005).
[24] He G., Dou Y., Guo X. and Liu Y., “Effects of grain size on ballistic response of copper materials”, Proceedings of the ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition in IMECE2017, November 3-9, 2017, Tampa, Florida, USA.
[25] Chung DDL., “Review materials for vibration damping”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, N.York, (2001).
[26] Uslu E. and Tosun N., “Experimental investigation of springback of DC series steel sheet in V-bending process”, Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2): 300-306, 82019).