Patlama, yangın ve toksik yayılım fiziksel etki alanının belirlenmesi

Çalışmada, patlama, yangın ve toksik yayılım ile sonuçlanan endüstriyel kazaların etki alanlarının belirlenmesine yönelik metodoloji geliştirilmiştir. Afet riskli alanlarının derecelendirilmesi için risk matrisi oluşturulmuştur. Sanayiciler ile kontrol ve izlemede görevli ilgili kişi ya da kurumların hangi durumda hangi etki alanı belirleme aracını kullanabileceği açıklanmaya ve standart bir yaklaşım oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Patlama, yangın ve toksik yayılım etkisi oluşturabilecek bir kuruluş için aynı miktarda (30000Ib) toksik gaz (klor), toksik sıvı (hidrazin) ve yanabilen madde (propan) üzerinden örnek uygulama çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Örnek uygulamalar, tesis dışı risk analizine dayanan korelasyonlar ve ücretsiz ALOHA yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Korelasyonlara ait alternatif senaryo sonuçları ALOHA yazılımı ile elde edilen sonuçlarla uyumlu olarak belirlenmiştir. Böylece, etki alanını belirleyebilmek için daha az veri bilgisi gerektiren korelasyonların öncelikli olarak pratik bir şekilde uygulanabileceği tespit edilmiştir. En geniş sonlanma noktası mesafesi (54.2 km-en kötü durum senaryosu, 60 dk. kırsal alan) örnek toksik sıvı (hidrazin) için elde edilmiştir. Korelasyonlar değerlendirildiğinde, kırsal alan için tüm sonlanma noktası mesafelerinin kentsel alana göre yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. ALOHA yazılımında ise kırsal ve kentsel durum için tehlike alanı mesafelerinin çok büyük bir değişim göstermediği tespit edilmiştir. Örnek uygulama çalışmaları sonucunda kuruluş, yüksek risk seviyesinde belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Endüstriyel kaza, Patlama, Yangın, Toksik yayılım, Fiziksel etki alanı

Determination of explosion, fire and toxic emission physical effect areas

In the study, a methodology was developed for the determination of effect areas considering explosion, fire and toxic emissions of industrial accidents. A risk matrix was established for grading of disaster risk areas. It was tried to explain that manufacturers and control and monitoring of the relevant person or institution in charge of in which state and with which tool could be used to determine the impact area and to create a standard approach. The case studies were carried out over the same amount (13 620 kg) of toxic gases (chlorine), toxic liquids (hydrazine) and flammable substances (propane) which might pose explosion, fire and toxic emissions affects for an establishment. The case studies were performed with using correlations based on offsite consequence analysis and free ALOHA software. The results of alternative scenario correlation were determined in accordance with the results obtained with the ALOHA software. Thus, it was determined that correlations required less information in order to determine effect area may be implemented in a practical way primarily. The largest end-point distance (54.2 km-worst case scenario, 60 min, rural areas) was obtained for sample toxic liquid (hydrazine). When correlations were evaluated, all endpoint distance for rural areas were found to be higher than in urban areas. Threat zone distances were found to be not change so much in ALOHA software for rural and urban areas. The establishment was obtained at a high risk level as a result of case studies.

Keywords:

Industrial accident, Explosion, Fire, Toxic emmission, Physical effect areas.,

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Büyük Endüstriyel Kazaların Önlenmesi ve Etkilerinin Azaltılması Hakkında Yönetmelik, 30.12.2013 Tarih, 28867 Mükerrer Sayılı Resmi Gazete.
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