Çok yüksek çözünürlüklü renkli İHA görüntülerinden kentsel alanlarda araç tespiti

Kentsel alanlarda uzaktan algılama görüntülerinden bina, ağaç, araç, vb. coğrafi nesnelerin otomatik olarak tespiti oldukça gerekli ve önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, çok yüksek konumsal çözünürlüklü renkli (Kırmızı, Yeşil, Mavi) stereo insansız hava aracı (İHA) görüntülerinden kentsel alanlarda sabit araçların tespiti yapılmıştır. Kullanılan yaklaşımın ilk adımında stereo İHA görüntülerinden sayısal yüzey modeli (SYM) oluşturulmaktadır. Sonra, SYM verisinden sayısal arazi modeli (SAM) ve SYM kullanılarak İHA görüntülerinden ortofoto oluşturulmaktadır. Ardından, yalnız yer üstü nesneleri elde etmek için SYM ve SAM verilerinin farkı alınarak normalize edilmiş sayısal yüzey modeli (nSYM) hesaplanmaktadır. Daha sonra, elde edilen nSYM verisi ek bant olarak kullanılmak suretiyle ortofotonun çoklu çözünürlük segmentasyonu ve ardından nesne-tabanlı sınıflandırması yapılmaktadır. Yaklaşım, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Beytepe Yerleşkesi’nde farklı özelliklere sahip iki alan üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Oluşturulan referans veriyle yapılan karşılaştırma neticesinde, araç tespiti doğruluğu birinci test alanı (Alan#1) için %78.53 ve ikinci test alanı (Alan#2) için %92.15 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, önerilen yaklaşımla sabit araçların çok yüksek konumsal çözünürlüklü İHA görüntülerinden tespitinin yüksek doğrulukla yapılabildiğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İnsansız hava aracı (İHA), Ortofoto, Sayısal yüzey modeli (SYM), Sayısal arazi modeli (SAM), Segmentasyon, Sabit araç tespiti

Vehicle detection in urban areas from very high resolution UAV color images

It is very essential and important in urban areas for the automatic detection of geographical objects such as buildings, trees, and vehicles by using remotely sensed images. In this study, the stationary vehicles were detected from very high spatial resolution stereo color (Red, Green, Blue) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) images in urban areas. In the first step of the approach used, digital surface model (DSM) is generated from the stereo images. Then, digital terrain model (DTM) is generated from the DSM, and by using the DSM orthophotos are generated from IHA images. Next, the normalized digital surface model (nDSM) is calculated by taking the difference between the DSM and DTM to obtain only the ground objects. After that, using the obtained nDSM data as an additional band, the multi-resolution segmentation and then object-based classification of the orthophoto are carried out. The approach was applied on two areas with different characteristics at Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus. After comparing the results with the reference data, the vehicle detection accuracy was computed as 78.53% for the first test field (Field # 1) and it was computed as 92.15% for the second test field (Field # 2). The results show that the detection of stationary vehicles from very high spatial resolution UAV images can be performed with high accuracy using the proposed approach.

Keywords:

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), Orthophoto, Digital surface model (DSM), Digital terrain model (DTM), Segmentation, Detection of stationary vehicle,

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