Yeni Kurumsalcı Perspektiften Hindistan Siyasetinin Değişimi

Bu makalenin amacı, Hindistan siyasetinin değişimini kurumsal analiz üzerinden incelemektir. Kurumlar son dönemlerde siyasal değişim çalışmalarında fazlasıyla incelenmektedir. Sadece resmi kurumlar değil, gayri resmi kurumlar üzerinden de ülke siyasetlerinin değişimi analiz edilebilmektedir. Bu makalede de Hindistan siyaseti, yükselen gayri resmi kurumlar üzerinden incelenecektir. Hindistan siyasetindeki değişim, gayri resmi kurumların değişimi üzerinden tartışılacaktır. Hindistan’ın bağımsızlığı sonrası ülkede iktidar olan Kongre Partisi ülkedeki hem ulus hem de devlet inşası süreçlerini yöneten aktör olmuştur. Resmi kurumlar, Kongre Partisi’nin yönetme gücünü arttırmışken; gayri resmi kurumlar da yönetme kapasitesini pozitif yönde etkilemiştir. Bu noktada Kongre Partisi’nin başvurduğu gayri resmi kurum sekülerizm olmuştur. Sekülerizm, çeşitlilikleriyle tanınan ülkenin bir arada yaşama kültürünü güçlendirmiştir. Kongre Sistemi’nin çöküşü sonrası ise yükselen Hindu milliyetçiliği sekülerizmin yerini almıştır. Hindutva olarak bilinen Hindu milliyetçiliği ideolojisi, bir gayri resmi kurum olarak hem kitleleri mobilize etmiş hem de BJP’yi iktidara taşımıştır. Hindu milliyetçiliğinin anti-demokratik ve dışlayıcı karakteri ise hem ulusal hem de bölgesel anlamda Hindutva karşıtı bir dalga ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu bağlamda Hindutva’ya alternatif birçok ulusal ve bölgesel gayri resmi kurum yükselişe geçmiştir. Çalışmada tüm bu gayri resmi kurumların yükselişi ve Hindistan siyasetine etkisi ele alınacaktır.

The Change of Indian Politics from a New Institutionalist Perspective

The purpose of this article is to examine the change in Indian politics through institutional analysis. In the recent period, institutions have been studied extensively in political change studies. The change in country policies has been able to analyze not only through official institutions but also through informal institutions. This article will also examine Indian politics through emerging informal institutions. The change in Indian politics will be discussed through the change of informal institutions. The Congress Party, which was in power in the country after the independence of India, became the actor that managed both nation and state building processes in the country. While formal institutions increased the power of the Congress Party in those years; informal institutions also positively affected the capacity to manage in the same years. At this point, the unofficial institution that the Congress Party applied to was secularism. During the Congress rule, secularism strengthened the coexistence culture of the country, which was known for its diversity. After the collapse of the Congress System, the rising Hindu nationalism replaced secularism. The ideology of Hindu nationalism known as Hindutva, as an unofficial institution, has both mobilized the masses and brought the BJP to power. The anti-democratic and exclusionary character of Hindu nationalism has created an anti-Hindutva wave both nationally and regionally. In this context, many alternative national and regional informal institutions to Hindutva have been on the rise. The rise of all these unofficial institutions and their impact on Indian politics will be discussed in the study.

Keywords:

change, india, institutions, informal institutions parties,

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