Türkiye’de altın madenciliğinin güncel durumu: Genel bir bakış

Altın ilk çağlardan beri onun güzelliği, saflığı, gücü, değerli servet olma, yatırım yapma ve daha birçok özelliği için biriktirilmiştir. Ancak, yirminci yüzyılın sonlarında süper elektriksel iletkenliği, korozyona karşı dayanıklılığı, istenen fiziksel ve kimyasal özellik birleşimleri nedeniyle ana metal olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Türkiye, genellikle geç Mezozoik ve Tertiary formasyonlarda, Mezozoik ve Senozoik volkanik-plütonik aktivitelerle oluşmuş birçok altın yatağına sahiptir. Ancak, en ekonomik porfiri, düşük ve yüksek sülfür sistemlerini içeren epitermal, volkanik masif sülfür tipi birçok altın yatakları oldukça yaygın bulunmaktadır. Orojenik, plaser ve skarn türü altın yatakları rezerv/kaynak büyüklüğü ve sıklığı bakımından daha az önemlidir. Altın, Türk insanının yaşamına girmiş olup, Türkiye ekonomisinde önemli ve yenilikçi bir rol oynamaktadır. Altın üretimi 2001 yılından bu yana 1.4 tondan 2021 yılında 45 tona yükselişiyle hemen hemen her yıl artmıştır. Ancak, altın üretimi altın tüketimini karşılamamaktadır. Çünkü Türkiye, küresel altın tüketici talebinin %6’sını oluşturmakta olup, dünyanın en büyük dördüncü altın tüketicisidir. Bu derleme incelemesi, güncel olarak altın yataklarının jeolojik ve maden karakteristiklerine; altın kullanımı, ithalatı, ihracatı ve fiyatı gibi özelliklerine odaklanmayı özetlemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Altın yatakları, Altın madenciliği, altın kullanımları, Altın ithalatı, Altın ihracatı

The current status of gold mining in Turkey: An overview

Gold has been treasured since ancient time for its beauty, purity, power, valuable asset and investment, accomplishment, and many more. However, gold also appeared in the last quarter of 20 th century as a basic metal due to its superior electrical conductivity, resistance to corrosion and required combinations of physical and chemical properties. Turkey has many gold deposits, which generally occurred in Late Mesozoic and Tertiary formations, and related to Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcano plutonic acts. However, the most economic porphyry, epithermal including both low and high sulphidation systems, volcanic associated massive sulphide gold deposits are abundantly found. Orogenic, placer and skarn host gold deposits are relatively less significant in terms of their abundance and reserve/resource sizes. Gold is embedded in Turkish life and plays a significant and innovative role in Turkey’s economy. Gold production has increased almost every year since 2001, rising from 1.4 tons to 45 tons in 2021. However, gold consumption does not meet gold production. Because Turkey is the fifth largest gold consumer in the world. The gold consumption is about 6 % of global demand. The review currently outlines a focus on geological and mining characteristics of gold deposits and features of gold such as its use, import, export and price.

Keywords:

Gold deposits, Gold mining, Gold uses, Gold import, Gold export,

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