Hospital Infection Rates and Resistance Profiles in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to retrospectively assess the frequency and antibiotic resistance of microorganisms isolated from patients in neonatal intensive care units. Material and Methods The study was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit and sent to a microbiology laboratory between 1.1.2020 and 12.12.2020. The species and antibiotic susceptibilities were assessed in microorganisms isolated from the various cultures. Results: Infections were detected in 29(%4.7) of the 612 newborn patients. All of them were 8 different pathogens. It consists of 15 (%51.7)male and 14(48.3) female infants by gender. Among them, growth were detected in 6(20.6%) blood cultures ,1(3.4%) tracheal aspirate and 22(75.8%) urine samples. Of the microorganisms isolated, 24(82.8%) were Gram-negative bacteria, and 5 (17.2%) were Gram-positive bacteria; The most commonly isolated microorganisms among gram negative were Escherichia coli(75.9%) and 6(27.3) of them are ESBL( Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases) posıtıve. Followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 1 (3.4%), and 1 (3.4%).Klebsiella oxytoca. And gram positive were Staphylococcus haemolyticus 1 (%3.4), Streptococcus acidominimus 1 (%3.4), , Streptococcus mitis1 (%3.4), ,Streptococcus oralis 1 (%3.4), and Streptococcus vestibularis 1 (%3.4),. Respectively. Conclusions To plan effective empiric antibiotic therapy against nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care unit should have information about the characteristics of their own flora.

Keywords:

Antibiotic, microorganism, neonatal critical, care,

PDF

___

1. Hocevar SN, Edwards JR, Horan TC, Morrell GC, Iwamoto M, Lessa FC. Device-associated infections among neonatal intensive care unit patients: incidence and associated pathogens reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2006-2008. Infec Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012; 33:1200-1206. [ Links ]
2. Srivastava S, Shetty N. Healthcare-associated infections in neonatal units: lesson from contrasting worlds. J Hosp Infect 2007; 65:292-306.
3. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, CLSI, Wayne, PA, USA, 2015.
4. Eşref Araç at all.[Evaluation of Infections in Intensive Care Units: A Multicentre Point-Prevalence Study].Mikrobiyol Bul. 2019 Oct;53(4):364-373.
5. Endalafer N, Gebre-Selassie S, Kotiso B. Nosocomial bacterial infections in a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia. J Infect Prev. 2011;12:38–43.
6. Raka L, Zoutman D, Mulliqi G, Krasniqi S, Dedushaj I, Raka N, et al. Prevalence of nosocomial infections in high-risk units in the university clinical center of Kosova. Infect Control. 2006;27(04):421–3.
7. Maoulainine FM, Elidrissi NS, Chkil G, Abba F, Soraa N, Chabaa L, et al. Epidemiology of nosocomial bacterial infection in a neonatal intensive care unit in Morocco. Arch Pediatr 2014;21:938-43.
8. Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Carlo WA, Ehrenkranz RA, et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics 2002;110:285-91.
9. Azene MK, Beyene BA. Bacteriology and antibiogram of pathogens from wound infections at Dessie Laboratory, North East Ethiopia. Tanzania J Health Res. 2011;13:1–10.
10. Mama M, Abdissa A, Sewunet T. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from wound infection and their sensitivity to alternative topical agents at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, South-West Ethiopia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2014;13(1):1.
11.Dessie W, Mulugeta G, Fentaw S, Mihret A, Hassen M, Abebe E. Pattern of bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility isolated from surgical site infections at selected referral hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol. 2016.
12.Moraes BAd, Cravo CAN, Loureiro MM, Solari CA, Asensi MD. Epidemiological analysis of bacterial strains involved in hospital infection in a University Hospital from Brazil. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. 2000;42(4):201–7.
13. Sikka R, Mann J, Deep VM, Chaudhary U, Deep A. Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacteria isolated from nosocomial infections in a surgical ward. Indian J Clin Pract. 2012;22:519–25.
14. Singh A, Sen M, Anupurba S, Bhattacharya P. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the bacteria isolated from nosocomial infections in ICU. J Commun Dis. 2002;34(4):257–63.
15.Scherbaum M, Kösters K, Mürbeth RE, Ngoa UA, Kremsner PG, Lell B, et al. Incidence, pathogens and resistance patterns of nosocomial infections at a rural hospital in Gabon. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14(1):1.
16. Brady MT, Polin RA (2013) Prevention and management of infants with suspected or proven neonatal sepsis. Pediatrics 132:166–168.
17. Shane AL, Sánchez PJ, Stoll BJ (2017) Neonatal sepsis. Lancet 390:1770–1780.
18. Mai JY, Dong L, Lin ZL, Chen SQ. Investigation and analysis of nosocomial infection in neonates. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2011;49:915-20.
19. Maoulainine FM, Elidrissi NS, Chkil G, Abba F, Soraa N, Chabaa L, et al. Epidemiology of nosocomial bacterial infection in a neonatal intensive care unit in Morocco. Arch Pediatr 2014;21:938-43.
20. Mama M, Abdissa A, Sewunet T. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from wound infection and their sensitivity to alternative topical agents at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, South-West Ethiopia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2014;13(1):1.
21. Dessie W, Mulugeta G, Fentaw S, Mihret A, Hassen M, Abebe E. Pattern of bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility isolated from surgical site infections at selected referral hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol. 2016.
22. Ige O, Adesanmi A, Asuzu M. Hospital-acquired infections in a Nigerian tertiary health facility: an audit of surveillance reports. J Nigeria Med Assoc. 2011;52(4):239.
23. Bibi S, Channa GA, Siddiqui TR, Ahmed W. Pattern of bacterial pathogens in postoperative wounds and their sensitivity patterns. J Surg Pak (Int). 2012;17(4):164–7.
24. Wenzel RP. Importance of infection control. In: Wenzel R, Brewer T, Butzler J-P, editors. A guide to infection control in the hospital. 3rd ed. Boston: The International Society for Infectious Diseases; 2004. p. 1–4.
25. Lee C-Y, Chen P-Y, Huang F-L, Lin C-F. Microbiologic spectrum and susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates from the pediatric intensive care unit in a single medical center-6 years’ experience. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2009;42(2):160–5.
26. Parlak E, Kahveci H, Alay HK. Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesindeki Hastane Enfeksiyonları. Güncel Pediatri 2014;1:1-8.