Bal arısının (Apis mellifera L.) Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Kampüsünde bulunan bazı bitkiler üzerindeki bitki tercihi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Hatay’da bulunan Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi kampüsünde yetiştirilen bazı bitkiler üzerinde bal arısı tercihinin belirlenmesidir.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Bu çalışmada defne (Laurus nobilis L.), beyaz çiçekli yalancı akasya, (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), fazelya (Phaselia tanacetifolia Benth.), okaliptüs (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.), üçgül (Trifolium repens L.), yabani hardal (Sinapis arvensis L.), engerek otu (Echium vulgare L.), yıldız çalısı (Pittosporum tobira Ait.), kekik (Origanum sp.), ateş dikeni (Pyracantha coccinea Roemer), ada çayı (Salvia sp.), çam (Pinus sp.) bitkilerine saat 09:00, 12:00 ve 15:00 saatlerinde bal arılarının tercihleri belirlenmiştir. Bal arılarının kampüs içerisindeki bitkileri ziyaretleri arasındaki farklılıklar istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur(P<0.01). Bitkilerin gün içerisinde arılar tarafından ziyaret saatleri arasında ise istatistiki olarak bir fark görülmemiştir(P>0.05). Ancak bal arılarının sabah ve öğlen saatlerinde bitkiler üzerindeki polen ve nektar toplama faaliyetlerinin daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir.Genel Yorum: Polinasyon, meyve ve tohum üretiminin temeli olup türlerin büyük çoğunluğunda polinasyon olmadan meyve ve tohum üretimi mümkün değildir Çalışma sonunda, bal arılarının en fazla defne (Laurus nobilis L.) bitkisini ziyaret ettiği ve en az ise ada çayı (Salvia sp.) bitkisini ziyaret ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bal arıları aynı çevrede bulunan bitkiler arasında bitkilerdeki polen ve nektar kalitesine göre tercihte bulunmaktadır.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bal arılarının Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi kampüsünde yetişen bitkiler arasında tercihinin ortaya konduğu bu çalışma ile ileride yapılacak defne gibi dioik bitkilerde arı tercihinin ve arıların rolünün belirlenmesi çalışmalarına bir zemin oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bal arısı, tozlaşma, bitki tercihi, çiçeklenme

Plant preference of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) over some plants grown in Mustafa Kemal University Campus

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the honey bee preference on some plants grown at the Mustafa Kemal University campus in Hatay.Methods and Results: Honey bees' visits to flowers were determined by measuring three times at 09:00 and at 12:00 and at 15:00 in March, April and May 2019. Visits to each plant were repeated 3 times and averaged. All of the plants examined in the study bloomed within these determined periods. Each plant was determined randomly and no second count was made on the same plant. The activity of honey bees on the plant was recorded for about 10 minutes by video and was also counted.Conclusions: In general, the highest bee visit during the day of the bay laurel tree during the flowering period was measured as 80.00 ±4.24 number/m² at 09:00 in the morning. This was followed by 72.67 ±3.07 number/m² at 12:00. At 15:00, honey bees were determined to have the lowest visit during the day with 9.00 ±0.47 number/m² visit to the sage plants. Statistically, when the visits of honey bees to the plants on campus were examined, the differences were significant in terms of the number of bees visiting the plants at 09:00, 12:00 and 15:00.Significance and Impact of the Study: Honey bees prefer quality pollen and nectar in the same flora. In this study, the plant preferences of honey bees were determined. As a result of the study, we determined that honey bees preferred bay laurel trees the most in all months.

Keywords:

Honey bee, pollination, plant preference, flowering,

PDF

___

Barrow DA, Pickard RS (1984) Size-related selection of food plants by bumblebees. Ecol Entomol. 9: 369-373.
Bell G, Lefebvre L, Giraldeau L-A, Weary D (1984) Partial preference of insects for the male flowers of an annual herb. Oecologia 64:287-294.
Cameron DL (1981) Chemical signals in bumble bee foraging. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 9: 257-260.
Celep F, Atalay Z, Dikmen F, Doğan M, Classen-Bockhoff R (2014) Flies as pollinators of melittophilous Salvia species (Lamiacea). American Journal of Botany 101(12): 2148-2159.
Duffield GE, Gibson RC, Gilhooly PM, Hesse AJ, Inkley CR, Gilbert FS, Barnard CJ (1993) Choice of flowers by foraging honey bees (Apis mellifera): possible morphological cues. Ecol. Entomol. 18: 191-197.
Geslin B, Oddie M, Folschweiller M, Legras G, Seymour CL, Van-Veen FJF, Thébault E (2016) Spatiotemporal changes inflying insect abundance and theirfunctional diversity as a function of distance to natural habitats in a massfloweringcrop. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 229: 21–29.
Geslin B, Aizen AM, Garcia N, Pereira AJ, Vaissière BE, Garibaldi LA (2017) The impact of honey bee colony quality on crop yield and farmers profit in apples and pears. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 248: 153-161.
Giurfa M, Nunez JA (1992) Honey bees mark with scent and reject recently visited flowers. Oecologia 89: 117-123.
Giurfa M, Nunez JA (1993) Efficient floret inspection by honey- bees in capitula of Carduus acanthoides. Ecol Entomol 18: 116-122.
Galen C, Newport MEA (1987) Bumble bee behavior and selection on flower size in the sky pilot, Polemonium viscosum. Oecologia 74: 20-23.
Güler A (2006) Bal arıları (Apis mellifera L.)’nda yapay tohumlama ve Türkiye için önemi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 21(3): 370-378.
Harder LD (1988) Choice of individual flowers by bumblebees: interaction of morphology, time and energy. Behaviour 104:60-77.
Kuvancı A, Deveci M, Alay F, Çankaya N, Avcı M (2016) Balarılarının (Apis mellifera L.) bitki tercihinde iskenderiye üçgülü (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) ve fazelya (Phacelia tanacetifolia B.)’nın yeri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 25(2): 188-194.
Kaufman PB (1989) Plants their biology and importance. Harper & Row Publishers, New York. pp 757.
Kolreuter JG (1761) Vorläufige nachricht von einigen das geschlecht der pflanzen betreffenden versuchen und beobachtungen. Gleditsch, Leipzig. pp 267.
Macukanovic-Jocic M, Stevanovic ZD, Mladenovic M, Jocic G (2011) Flower morphophysiology of selected Lamiaceae species in relation to pollinator attraction. Journal of Agricultural Research 50(2): 89-101.
Ne’eman G, Dafni A (1999) Fire, bees and seed production in a mediterranean key species Salvia fruticosa Miller (Lamiaceae). Israel Journal of Plant Science 47: 157-163.
Ollerton J, Winfree R, Tarrant S (2011) How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals? Oikos 120(3): 321-326.
Roubik DW (1995) Pollination of cultivated plants in the tropics. FAO Agric. Serv. Bull. No:118. Rome. pp 196.
Schmitt U, Bertsch A (1990) Do foraging bumblebees scent-mark food sources and does it matter? Oecologia 82: 137-142.
Sprengel CK (1793) The secret of nature in the form and fertilization of flowers discovered. Friedrich Vieweg dem aeltern, Berlin.
Waite MB (1895) Pollination of pear flowers. US Dept. Agr. Div. Veg. Path. Bull. 5 pp 86.