Arap Baharı Sonrası Avrupa Birliği’nin ’Yeni’ Komşuluk Politikası

Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika’da 2010 yılında ortaya çıkan halk isyandalgaları, AB’nin Güney Akdeniz ülkeleriyle ilişkilerini komşuluk politikasıbağlamında yeniden düzenlemesine neden olmuştur. Arap Baharı olarak daadlandırılan bu dönüşümün temelinde Orta Doğu halklarının baskıcı veotoriter rejimler karşında sosyal, iktisadi ve siyasi hak talepleri yatmaktaydı.Ancak söz konusu rejimlere karşı yürütülen toplumsal hareketler sonuçlarıitibariyle sadece Orta Doğu ülkeleri ile değil, AB ile de yakından ilgilidir.Süregelen iç savaşlar ve güç boşlukları Avrupa’da güvensizliğin veistikrarsızlığın kaynağı olmuş, AB’nin mücadele ettiği düzensiz ve yasadışıgöç, iltica, insan kaçakçılığı, radikalizm ve terörizm gibi sorunlar bizatihi ABprojesini tehdit eder boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Üye devletler Akdeniz komşularınayönelik ulusal düzeyde yeni politikalar oluşturmaya çabalarken, AB düzeyindedeğişimin ivmesini ve sonuçlarını yönlendirebilecek ulus-üstü düzeyde yeterlibir komşuluk politikasının üretilip üretilmediğiyse oldukça tartışmalı birkonudur. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın temel amacı, AB’nin Arap Baharındansonra oluşturulan komşuluk politikasının temel unsurlarının neler olduğunuortaya koymak ve böylece ’yeni’ komşuluk politikasının fırsat ve sınırlılıklarınıtartışmaktır.

The EU’s New Neighborhood Policy After the Arab Spring

The wave of public uprisings that emerged in the Middle East and North Africa in 2010 caused the EU to reorganize its relations with Southern Mediterranean countries within the context of its European Neighborhood Policy. The claim laid for social, economic and political rights against oppressive and authoritarian regimes forms the basis of the transformation that took place in the Middle East. However, these social movements are directly related not only to the changes in Middle Eastern countries but also to the EU in terms of the results they bore. Ongoing civil wars and power gaps have served as a source of insecurity and instability in Europe, and problems like irregular and illegal immigration, asylum, human trafficking, radical terrorism, which the EU has struggled with, have reached an extent that began to threaten the EU project itself. While member states are struggling to formulate alternative policies at the national level for the Mediterranean neighbors, it is an extremely controversial issue whether a transnational level of neighborhood policy is being produced. In this context, the primary aim of this study is to reveal what the key elements of European Neighborhood Policy formulated after the Arab Spring are, and thus, discuss the opportunities and limitations ofthe 'new' neighborhood policy.

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