HİBRİT YAKIT HÜCRESİ-PV DESTEKLİ BİR TRAMVAYIN EKONOMİK İŞLETİMİ

Raylı sistemler büyük nüfusa sahip şehirlerde ulaşım sorununun çözülmesi için önemli bir çözüm aracı olarak görülmektedir. Fakat bu sistemlerde kullanılan tramvaylar küçümsenmeyecek kadar büyük güç tüketimine sahiptirler. Ayrıca bu araçların güç tüketimleri tramvay sayısı ve yolcu sayısı gibi çeşitli etmenlerden dolayı değişkenlik gösterdiği için raylı sistemin ekonomik işletiminin sağlanması ve güç sisteminin güvenilir bir şekilde idare edilmesi çok kolay olmayabilir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada çatısına fotovoltaik (PV) sistem dahil edilen ve ayrıca elektrolizör, hidrojen tankı, kompresör ve yakıt hücresinden oluşan hidrojen enerji sistemi ile entegre edilen bir tramvayın optimum enerji yönetim modeli açıklanmaktadır. Çalışmada tramvay ve hidrojen enerji sistemi için elektrik şebekesinden dinamik elektrik fiyatları ile enerji satın alınmaktadır. Önerilen modelin etkinliğini göstermek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen çeşitli durum çalışmalarında İstanbul’da bir tramvay hattının gerçek işletimi dikkate alınarak elde edilen güç profili kullanılmaktadır. Durum çalışmalarından elde edilen sonuçlara göre önerilen yapı toplam elektrik satın alma maliyetini önemli miktarda düşürebilmektedir. Maliyetleri düşürmede sırasıyla dinamik elektrik fiyatları, PV sistem ve hidrojen enerji sisteminin etkin olduğu görülmektedir. Dinamik elektrik fiyatları elektrik satın alma maliyetinde yaklaşık olarak %13’lük iyileşme sağlarken, tramvay üzerine yerleştirilen PV sistem ile toplam maliyet yaklaşık olarak %3 oranında azaltılabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yakıt Hücresi, Hidrojen Enerji Sistemi, Optimum Enerji Yöntemi, Raylı Sistemler

ECONOMIC OPERATION OF A HYBRID FUEL CELL-PV-SUPPORTED TRAM

Rail systems are accepted as promising solutions to transportation problems in metropolitan cities. However, trams, one of the most common vehicles availed of, have a power consumption that can not be underestimated. In addition, since the power consumption of these vehicles varies due to various factors such as the number of trams and the number of passengers, it may not be very easy to ensure the economical operation of the rail system and to operate the power system in a reliable manner. In this context, this study presents an optimum energy management model of a tram, which is integrated with a photovoltaic (PV) system on its roof and also integrated with a hydrogen energy system consisting of an electrolyzer, hydrogen tank, compressor, and fuel cell. In the study, energy is assumed to be purchased from the power grid with a dynamic pricing scheme for the tram and hydrogen energy system. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, the power profile obtained by considering an operated tram line is used in various case studies carried out. According to the results obtained from the case studies, the proposed structure can significantly reduce the total electricity purchase cost. It is seen that, in order, the dynamic pricing scheme, PV system, and hydrogen energy system are effective in reducing costs. While the dynamic pricing scheme provides an improvement of approximately 13% in the cost of purchasing electricity, the total cost can be reduced by approximately 3% with the PV system placed on the tram.

Keywords:

Fuel Cell, Hydrogen Energy System, Optimal Energy Management, Railway Systems,

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