Ayşe Gökçen GÜNDOĞMUŞ, İrfan ŞENCAN, Yasemin KOÇYİĞİT, Şebnem ERDİNÇ, Sami KINIKLI, Ayşe BÜYÜKDEMİRCİ, Esra YÜKSEKKAYA

Türkiye’de COVID-19’a Bağlı İlk Karantina Uygulamasına Alınan Kişilerin Psikolojik Yönden Değerlendirilmesi

Yeni koronavirüs salgını 2019 yılında ortaya çıkmaya başlamış ve bir salgın haline gelmiştir. Geçmişte psikolojik olarak olumsuz etkileri olduğu bildirilen karantina uygulamaları yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu çalışmada amacımız karantina altına alınan bireylerin psikolojik durumlarını incelemekti. Bu çalışmanın örneklemini Wuhan'dan gelen ve karantinaya alınan 42 kişi oluşturmaktadır. İhtiyaç duyan kişilere psikolojik destek sağlamak için bu süreçte tüm bireyler anketlerle değerlendirilmiştir. Anketler gönüllülük temelli olarak uygulanmış olup 30 anket değerlendirilmiştir. İzlem grubunda, karantina stresinden çok enfeksiyon riskinin neden olduğu zorluk anksiyete ve peritravmatik dissosiyasyon semptomları üzerinde etkili görünmüş ve karantina sonunda izlem grubunda karantina başlangıcına kıyasla travmatik stres düzeyleri ve anksiyete puanları açısından fark görülmemiştir. Karantina uygulamaları sırasında bulaşıcı hastalık riskine bağlı psikolojik etkilenme nedeniyle psikososyal destek ihtiyacı ortaya çıkabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Anksiyete, COVID-19, Depresyon, Dissosiyasyon, Karantina, Koronavirus

Psychological Evaluation of the First Quarantined People due to COVID-19 in Turkey

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus has started to appear in 2019, and has become an epidemic. Practices of quarantine, reported to have negative psychological effects in the past, have become widespread. In this study our aim was to examine the psychological conditions of individuals who were taken under quarantine. The sample of this study consisted of 42 individuals who came from Wuhan and were quarantined. All individuals were evaluated through questionnaires to provide psychological support to those in need during that process. Questionnaires were applied to all individuals on a voluntary basis and 30 questionnaires were evaluated. In the monitoring group, the difficulty caused by the risk of infection rather than quarantine stress appeared to be effective on anxiety and peritraumatic dissociation symptoms and at the end of quarantine, no difference has been observed in terms of traumatic stress levels and anxiety scores in the monitoring group compared to the beginning of quarantine. A need for psychosocial support may arise due to psychological impact related to risk of infectious diseases during quarantine practices.

Keywords:

Anxiety, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Depression, Dissociation, Quarantine,

PDF

___

1. Salata C, Calistri A, Parolin C, et al. Coronaviruses: a paradigm of new emerging zoonotic diseases. Pathog Dis. 2019 Dec 1;77(9):ftaa006.
2. Hawryluck L, Gold WL, Robinson S, et al. SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis.2004;10(7):1206.
3. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020.
4. Kim HC, Yoo SY, Lee BH, et al. Psychiatric findings in suspected and confirmed middle east respiratory syndrome patients quarantined in hospital: a retrospective chart analysis. Psychiatry Investig. 2018;15(4):355.
5. Reynolds DL, Garay JR, Deamond SL, et al. Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience. Epidemiol Infect. 2008;136(7):997-1007.
6. Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, et al. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatr. 2020;33(2):e100213.
7. Wang Y, Xu B, Zhao G, et al. Is quarantine related to immediate negative psychological consequences during the 2009 H1N1 epidemic? Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2011;33(1):75-7.
8. Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, et al. Timely mental healthcare for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry.2020;7(3):228-9.
9. Marmar CR, Weiss DS, Metzler TJ. The peritraumatic dissociative experiences questionnaire. In: Wilson, J.P., Keane, T.M. (Eds.), Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD. Guilford Press, New York, NY. US,1997. pp. 412-28.
10. Geyran P, Kocabaşoğlu N, Çorapçıoğlu Özdemir A, et al. Peritravmatik Disosiasyon Ölçeği (PDEQ) Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik. Yeni Symposium. 2005;43(2):79-84.
11. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, et al. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1983.
12. Öner N, Le Compte A. Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri El Kitabı, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, No: 333, İstanbul, 1985.
13. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67(6):361-70.
14. Aydemir Ö, Güvenir T, Küey L, et al. Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1997:8;280-7.
15. Lesage FX, Berjot S, Deschamps F. Clinical stress assessment using a visual analogue scale. Occupational medicine. 2012;62(8):600-5.
16. Weiss D, Marmar C. The impact of Event Scale - Revised. Wilson J, Keane T, editors. Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD. New York: Guilford.1997.
17. Çorapçıoğlu A, Yargıç I, Geyran P, et al. “Olayların Etkisi Ölçeği” (IES-R) Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. New/Yeni Symposium Journal. 2006;44(1):14-22.
18. Johal SS. Psychosocial impacts of quarantine during disease outbreaks and interventions that may help to relieve strain. N Z Med J. 2009;122(1296):47-52.
19. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health considerations.pdf. Accessed March 18, 2020.
20. Duncan E, Dorahy MJ, Hanna D, et al. Psychological responses after a major, fatal earthquake: the effect of peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress symptoms on anxiety and depression. J Trauma Dissociation. 2013;14(5):501-18.
21. Thompson‐Hollands J, Jun JJ, Sloan DM. The association between peritraumatic dissociation and PTSD symptoms: The mediating role of negative beliefs about the self. J Trauma Stress. 2017;30(2):190-4.
22. Hong X, Currier GW, Zhao X, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder in convalescent severe acute respiratory syndrome patients: a 4-year follow-up study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009;31(6):546-54.
23. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders. In: Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. 2015;437-450. Eleventh ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.