YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELEDE ŞARTLI NAKİT TRANSFERLERİ; İNSAN HAKLARI AÇISINDAN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME - CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS IN THE ALLEVIATION OF POVERTY; AN EVALUATION FROM THE POINT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Şartlı nakit transferleri (ŞNT), yoksullukla mücadele alanına yeni bir dinamizm ve hareketlilik getirmiştir. Yoksullukla mücadelede birçok geleneksel ve çağdaş yöntem ve program bulunmakla birlikte, ŞNT programlarının benzer mücadele stratejilerinden farklı tarafı, yapısal yoksulluk gibi yoksulluğun sadece belli türlerine odaklanıyor olması ve temel mücadele stratejisi olarak da beşeri sermaye yatırımını seçmiş olmasıdır. Dolayısıyla geçici ya da konjonktürel yoksulluk hallerinden çok, yoksulluğun yapısal nedenleriyle mücadele etmektedir. ŞNT programları bu özellikleriyle, anlık destekler aracılığıyla geçici rahatlamalar sunan pasif yoksullukla mücadele programlarından ayrılmaktadır. Bunun yerine, beşeri sermaye stokuna yatırımlar yapmak suretiyle bir mücadele stratejisi benimsemiştir. Ancak ŞNT programlarının sosyal koruma öncesinde belli şartlar öne sürüyor olması, özellikle de insan hakları savunucularının tepkisini çekmektedir. Buna göre, sosyal koruma evrensel bir insan hakkıdır ve hiçbir ön şarta bağlanamaz. Bireyin gerek kendi tercih ya da eksikliğinden, gerek çevresel etkenler dolayısıyla söz konusu şartlar yerine getirilemediğinde, otomatik olarak sosyal koruma dışında kalınmaktadır. Bu durum da açıkça insan haklarına aykırı bir durum olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

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