Hybrid-Model Simulations to Equilibrate Energy Demand and Daylight Autonomy as a Function of Window-to-Wall Ratio and Orientation For a Perimeter Office in Izmir

This study is based on integrated thermal-lighting simulations to find the optimal value of the window-to-wall ratio (WWR) for a perimeter, single-zone office to equilibrate daylight autonomy and overall energy demand in the climate of Izmir, Turkey. A hybrid model approach has been adopted that combines thermal and lighting calculations in a single model via the IES software. The optimal WWRs to achieve the highest possible daylight benefit and lowest overall energy use at the same time has been found to have 30% WWR in the South and West, 40% WWR in the East and 60% WWR in the North. These WWR values trade-off daylight benefit, total energy consumption for lighting, heating, and cooling, and visual comfort compared to larger and smaller WWR options. Since the daylight use can significantly reduce artificial lighting energy consumption as long as WWR increases, the energy benefit from lighting reaches 79% as a function of daylight for the South case at 30% optimal WWR. The strongest effect of cooling demand is evident in the breakdown of energy consumption and the amount of glazing is the dominant factor defining the cooling demand. The implications of this study can help architects get feedback on how to save energy for each final energy use (heating, cooling, and lighting) reduction in window space and convey this message to their designs with suggested optimal WWR values

İzmir’de Tek Hacimli Bir Ofisin Enerji Yükü ve Gün Işığı Otonomisini Dengelemek İçin Pencere-Duvar Oranı ve Yönelimine Bağlı Olarak Gerçekleştirilen Hibrit-Model Simülasyonları

Bu çalışma, İzmir iline ait iklim koşulları bağlamında tek hacimli bir ofisin gün ışığı otonomisini ve toplam enerji yükünü dengelemek için optimum pencere-duvar oranını (PDO) bulmak için yapılan entegre termal-aydınlatma simülasyonlarına dayanmaktadır. IES yazılımıyla termal ve aydınlatma hesaplarını bir modelde birleştiren “hibrit model” yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Olası en yüksek gün ışığı faydası ve en düşük toplam enerji tüketimini sağlamak için en uygun pencere-duvar oranı değerleri sırasıyla güney ve batıda %30, doğuda %40 ve kuzeyde %60 olarak bulunmuştur. Bulunan pencere-duvar oranı değerleri gün ışığından yararlanmayı ve görsel konforu sağlarken, aydınlatma, ısıtma ve soğutma için genel enerji tüketimini daha büyük ve daha küçük pencere-duvar oranı alternatiflerine göre daha iyi dengelemektedir. Pencere-duvar oranı arttığında artan gün ışığı miktarı, yapay aydınlatma enerji tüketimini önemli ölçüde azaltmakta ve aydınlatma enerjisi kazancı, güney cephede optimum %30 pencere-duvar oranı için %79’a kadar ulaşmaktadır. Enerji tüketimi analizinde soğutma talebinin güçlü etkisi açıkça görülmektedir ve pencere alanı soğutma talebini belirleyen en önemli etkendir. Bu çalışmada ortaya çıkan sonuçlar, pencere alanındaki azalmanın her bir enerji kullanımında (ısıtma, soğutma ve aydınlatma) ne kadar enerji tasarrufu sağladığına dair mimarların geri bildirim almalarına ve önerilen optimum pencere-duvar oranı değerlerinin tasarıma aktarılmasına yardım etmektedir.

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