Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common result of diabetes mellitus (DM). Alterations in retinal vascular caliber may be early finding of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study is to demonstrate retinal vascular caliber changes in Turkish adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). This prospective and cross-sectional study included 108 eyes of the T1D adolescents and 75 eyes of the age-sex matched control group. Fundus images of the both groups were taken with fundus camera system (FA; Visucam500; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) and were analyzed with IVAN which is a semi-automated system used to measure the width of retinal vessels using a digital retinal image (Nicole J. Ferrier, College of Engineering, Fundus Photography Reading Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA). Central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) and artery-vein ratio (AVR) were compared between groups. Both groups were comparable in baseline characteristics (p>0.05). The mean CRAE value was higher in T1D group (179.03±29.58 μ in T1D group and 166.64±15.76 μ in control group, p
___
1. Rewers M. Challenges in diagnosing type 1 diabetes in different populations. Diabetes Metabolism J. 2012;36:90-7.
2. Yeşilkaya E, Cinaz P, Andıran N, et al. First report on the nationwide incidence and prevalence of Type 1 diabetes among children in Turkey. Diabetic Medicine. 2017;34:405-10.
3. Dhillon N, Karthikeyan A, Castle A, et al. Natural history of retinopathy in children and young people with type 1 diabetes. Eye. 2016;30:987-91.
4. Tekin K, Inanc M, Kurnaz E, et al. Objective evaluation of corneal and lens clarity in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;179:190-7.
5. Inanc M, Tekin K, Kiziltoprak H, et al. Changes in retinal microcirculation precede the clinical onset of diabetic retinopathy in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;207:37-44.
6. Geloneck MM, Forbes BJ, Shaffer J, Ying G-s, Binenbaum G. Ocular complications in children with diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmology. 2015;122:2457-64.
7. Cheung N, Wong TY. Diabetic retinopathy and systemic vascular complications. Progress In Retinal Eye Research. 2008;27:161-76.
8. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al. The relation of retinal vessel caliber to the incidence and progressionof diabetic retinopathy: Xix: The wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122:76-83.
9. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, et al. Retinal vessel caliber and microvascular and macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: XXI: the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:1884-92.
10. Rogers SL, Tikellis G, Cheung N, et al. Retinal arteriolar caliber predicts incident retinopathy: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(4):761-763.
11. Grauslund J, Hodgson L, Kawasaki R, et al. Retinal vessel calibre and micro-and macrovascular complications in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2009;52:2213-17.
12. Cheung N, Rogers SL, Donaghue KC, et al. Retinal arteriolar dilation predicts retinopathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1842-6.
13. Alibrahim E, Donaghue KC, Rogers S, et al. Retinal vascular caliber and risk of retinopathy in young patients with type 1 diabetes. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:1499-503.
14. Wong TY, Knudtson MD, Klein R, et al. Computer-assisted measurement of retinal vessel diameters in the Beaver Dam Eye Study: methodology, correlation between eyes, and effect of refractive errors. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1183-90.
15. Hubbard LD, Brothers RJ, King WN, et al. Methods for evaluation of retinal microvascular abnormalities associated with hypertension/sclerosis in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:2269-80.
16. Knudtson MD, Lee KE, Hubbard LD, et al. Revised formulas for summarizing retinal vessel diameters. Current Eye Research. 2003;27:143- 9.
17. Lueder G, Silverstein J. American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Ophthalmology and Section on Endocrinology. Screening for retinopathy in the pediatric patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics. 2005;116:270- 3.
18. Stewart MW. Treatment of diabetic retinopathy: recent advances and unresolved challenges. World J Diabetes. 2016;7:333.
19. Quigley MG. Prognosis and retinal vessel features. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:1796-7.
20. Gardiner TA, Archer DB, Curtis TM, et al. Arteriolar involvement in the microvascular lesions of diabetic retinopathy: implications for pathogenesis. Microcirculation. 2007;14:25-38.
21. Kohner EM, Patel V, Rassam SM. Role of blood flow and impaired autoregulation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes. 1995;44:603-7.
22. Stefansson E, Landers MB, Wolbarsht ML. Oxygenation and vasodilatation in relation to diabetic and other proliferative retinopathies. Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina. 1983;14:209-26.
23. Scherrer U, Randin D, Vollenweider P, Vollenweider L, Nicod P. Nitric oxide release accounts for insulin's vascular effects in humans. J Clin Investigation. 1994;94:2511-5.
24. Wong TY, Duncan BB, Golden SH, et al. Associations between the metabolic syndrome and retinal microvascular signs: the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities study. Investigative Ophthalmol Visual Sci. 2004;45:2949-54.