ASLI KILAVUZ, Hakan ÇELİKHİSAR

Relationship between short-term smoking and insulin resistance in asymptomatic young adults

Obesity, sedentary life, advanced age, and smoking are the factors that increase the insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between short-term smoking and insulin resistance in asymptomatic adults without obesity, advanced age, high blood glucose levels and hypertension. In this study we included 240 participants (120 non-smoker, 120 smoker) aged between 18-35 who admitted to internal medicine outpatient clinic from July 2018 to January 2019. Participants’ body mass index, waist-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c levels were measured. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance values were calculated. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to body mass index, age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance values (p >0.05). High density lipoprotein cholesterol level in smokers was found to be statistically significantly lower than non-smokers (p = 0.02). Our study has shown that there is no relationship between short- term smoking and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance develops with increase in smoking.

PDF

___

1. Goldstein BJ. Insulin resistance as the core defect in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90:3-10.

2. Akter S, Goto A, Mizoue T. Smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes in Japan: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Epidemiol. 2017;27:553-61.

3. Wang S, Chen J, Wang Y, et al. Cigarette smoking is negatively associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged men with normal weight but positively associated with stroke in men. J Diabetes Res. 2019;11:1853018.

4. Bermudez V, Olivar LC, Torres W, et al. Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela. F1000 Res. 2018;7:565.

5. Ponciano-Rodriguez G, Paez-Martinez N, Villa-Romero A, et al. Early changes in the components of the metabolic syndrome in a group of smokers after tobacco cessation. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2014;12:242-50.

6. Eliasson B, Taskinen MR and Smith U. Long-term use of nicotine gum is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Circulation. 1996;94:878-81.

7. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28:412–9.

8. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association Circulation. 2011;123:18-209.

9. Pan AX, de la Peña A, Yeo KP, et al. Effects of smoking cessation, acute re-exposure and nicotine replacement in smokers on AIR inhaled insulin pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;65:480-7.

10. Onat A, Ceyhan K, Sansoy V, et al. Fasting insulin levels independently associated with coronary heart disease in non-diabetic Turkish men and women. Int J Cardiol. 2002;86:61-9.

11. Kim SK, Kim HC, Shim JS, et al. Effects of cigarette smoking on blood lipids in Korean men: Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center cohort. Korean J Intern Med. 2020;35:369-82.

12. Rautio N, Varanka-Ruuska T, Vaaramo E, et al. Accumulated exposure to unemployment is related to impaired glucose metabolism in middle-aged men: A follow-up of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Prim Care Diabetes. 2017;11:365-72.

13. Ohkuma T, Iwase M, Fujii H, et al. Dose- and time-dependent association of smoking and its cessation with glycemic control and insulin resistance in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry. PLoS One. 2015;10:0122023.

14. Kong C, Nimmo L, Elatrozy T, et al. Smoking is associated with increased hepatic lipase activity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and early atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis. 2001;156:373–8.

15. Ardigò D, Franzini L, Valtueña S, et al. The increase in plasma PAI-1 associated with insulin resistance may be mediated by the presence of hepatic steatosis. Atherosclerosis. 2010;208:240-5.

16. Steinberg HO, Chaker H, Leaming R, et al. Obesity/insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:2601-10.

17. Onat A, Hergenç G, Türkmen S, et al. Discordance between insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome: features and associated cardiovascular risk in adults with normal glucose regulation. Metabolism. 2006;55:445-52.

18. Boronat M, Bosch E, Lorenzo D, et al. Prevalence and determinants of the metabolic syndrome among subjects with advanced nondiabetes-related chronic kidney disease in Gran Canaria, Spain. Ren Fail. 2016;38: 198-203.

19. Szkup M, Jurczak A, Karakiewicz B, et al. Influence of cigarette smoking on hormone and lipid metabolism in women in late reproductive stage. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:109-15.

20. Kaplan A, Abidi E, Habeichi NJ, et al. Gender-biased kidney damage in mice following exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke: More protection in premenopausal females. Physiol Rep. 2020;8:14339.

21. Shen SQ, Chang H, Wang ZX, et al. The acute effects of cigarette smoking on the functional state of high density lipoprotein. Am J Med Sci. 2018;356:374- 81.

22. Park JH, Lee J, Ovbiagele B. Nontraditional serum lipid variables and recurrent stroke risk. Stroke.2014;45:3269-74.