Hakan PARLAKPINAR, Osman CELBİŞ, Onural OZHAN, SEMİH PETEKKAYA, Emine ŞAMDANCI, NECİP ERMİŞ, Pelin KOPARİR, Özcan SOYLU, HACI AHMET ACET

Cardiovascular effects of JWH-018 from synthetic cannabinoids

Avrupa'da 'Spice', ABD'de 'K2', Türkiye'de 'Bonzai' ya da 'Jamaika' olarak adlandırılan sentetik kannabinoid (SK)'lerin içerikleri sabit olmadığı gibi; ülkeden ülkeye değişiklik gösteren yaklaşık 400 kadar kimyasal bileşik içerdiği bilinmektedir. SK'lar vücut hücrelerinde kannabinoid-1 (CB1) ve kannabinoid2 (CB2) reseptörleri ile etkileşerek Hint keneviri ya da esrarın içindeki majör etken madde olan ?9-tetrahidrokannabinol (THC)'ün etkisini taklit ederler. Her ne kadar yeni SK'lar sentezlenip, yeni türevlerin sayıları gün geçtikçe artsa da; bu türevler arasında JWH-018, hem CB1 ve CB2 reseptörlerine tam agonist hem de 2 saat gibi kısa etki süreli olması nedeniyle en sık kullanılan SK'dır. SK'ların farmakokinetik ve farmakodinamik etkileri hakkında literatürde oldukça az veri bulunmaktadır ve mevcut verilerin çoğu da in vitro deneylere dayanmaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO)'nün 16-20 Haziran 2014 tarihinde Cenevre'de gerçekleştirdiği Uyuşturucu Bağımlılığı Uzman Komitesinin 36. Toplantısında sunulan JWH-018 raporunda, SK'lara bağlı intoksikasyonda belirgin kalp hızı artışının oldukça sık görüldüğü belirtilmesine rağmen; kardiyovasküler, solunum, gastrointestinal, genitoüriner sistem, karaciğer ve böbrek dokuları üzerine olan etkileri hakkında yeterli veriye ulaşılmadığı belirtilmiştir.Bu derlemedeki amaç, SK'lar için prototip olarak kabul edilen JW-018'in kardiyovasküler sistem üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koyarak yapılacak yeni çalışmalara zemin hazırlamaktır

Sentetik kannabinoidlerden JWH-018'in kardiyovasküler etkileri

The content of synthetic cannabinoids (SC) which are known in Europe as 'Spice', in the U.S.A. as K2', and in Turkey as 'Bonsai' or 'Jamaica' is not standardized. Also SC are known to contain approximately 400 chemical compounds which vary from country to country. SC mimics the effect of ?9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which is the major effective content of Cannabis or Marijuana by cannabinoid-1 (CB1) and cannabinoid-2 (CB2) receptors in the body cell. Although the new SCs are synthesized and the number of new derivatives is increased in every day; JWH-018 among these derivatives exerts full agonist effect on both CB1 and CB2 receptors also it has a short-term effect as 2 hours. For this reason, JWH-018 is the most commonly used as SC. There are a few data in the literature regarding to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of SC. Furthermore, most of the existing data are based on in vitro experiments. In the JWH-018 report, at Critical Review Report Agenda item 4.5 Expert Committee on Drug Dependence of World Health Organization (WHO), Thirty-sixth Meeting Geneva, 16-20 June 2014, is declared that despite a marked elevation of the heart rate is one of the clinical signs very often seen after intoxication with SC, there is no available study data regarding effects of SCs on cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary systems, liver and kidney tissues . The aim of this review is to highlight cardiovascular effects of JW-018 which is considered to be the prototype for synthetic cannabinoids to prepare the ground for new work to be done

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