Merih Simsek, Ozgur Kanik

Antimicrobial activity of root canal sealers against some standard strains and clinical isolates

The aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial effects of eight different canal sealants used in dentistry against five different standard strains and five clinical isolates by direct exposure test and agar diffusion test. In vitro antimicrobial effects of EndoSequence BC, Well Root ST, MTA-Fillapex, Ortho-MTA, AH Plus, 2 Seal, Sealapex, Adseal sealers to S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, C. albicans and S. mutans (5 clinical isolates and 5 standard strains), were investigated by the direct exposure test and the agar diffusion test. In periods of 24h, 48h and 72 hours, zone of growth inhibition were measured. Results observed by agar diffusion test exhibited that Adseal sealer occurred the strongest antimicrobial activity to S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. mutans. In addition to this, 2 Seal sealer presented strongest antimicrobial activity to E. faecalis and C. albicans. All root canal sealers have been shown to have antimicrobial activity after 48 hours at the latest by direct exposure test. All sealers showed an antimicrobial effect by creating inhibition zones of different degrees against all microorganisms. All sealers have higher antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates than standard strains. In order for the root canal sealers to be effective against these microorganisms, they must be provided with a certain incubation period. In addition, reference studies should be made globally and periodically by the world dental authorities to determine the antimicrobial activities of these sealers. These studies should be taken as a reference by dentists at the application stage.

PDF

___

Card SJ, Sigurdsson A, Ostravik D. The effectiveness of increased apical enlargement in reducing intracanal bacteria. J Endod. 2002;28:779-83.
Johnson WT, Gutmann JL. Obturation of the cleaned and shaped root canal system. In: Cohen S, Hargreaves KM, eds, Pathways of the Pulp. St Louis: Mosby. 2006;358-99.
Gomes, BPFA, Pedroso JA, Jacinto R, et al. In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of five root canal sealers. Brazil Dent J. 2004;15:30-5.
Lai CC, Huang FM, Yang HW et al. Antimicrobial activity of four root canal sealers against endodontic pathogens. Clin Oral Invest. 2001;5:236-9.
Patel DV, Sherriff M, Ford TR, et al. The penetration of realseal primer and tubliseal into root canal dentinal tubules: a confocal microscopic study. Int Endod J. 2007;40:67-71.
Siqueira JF JR, Rôças IN, Santos SR, et al. Efficacy of instrumentation techniques and irrigation regimens in reducing the bacterial population within root canals. J Endod. 2002;28:181-4.
Kokkas AB, Boutsioukis ACh, Vassiliadis LP, et al. The influence of the smear layer on dentinal tubule penetration depth by three different root canal sealers: an in vitro study. J Endod. 2004;30:100-2.
Arora R, Rawat P, Bhayya DP. A comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of three endodontic sealers: Endoflas FS, AH Plus and sealapex against Enterococcus faecalis an in vitro study. J Dent Med Sci. 2014;13: 90-3.
Cobankara FK, Altinoz HC, Ergani O, et al. In vitro antibacterial activities of root-canal sealers by using two different methods. J Endod. 2004;30: 57-60.
Stowe TJ, Sedgley CM, Stowe B, et al. The effects of chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) on the antimicrobial properties of tooth-colored pro root mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod. 2004; 30:429-31.
Hasheminia M, Razavian H, Mosleh H, et al. In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of five sealers used in root canal therapy. Dent Res J. 2017;14:62.
Shree MK, Ganesh B, Ranı L. Endodontic sealers with antibiofilm properties. J Contempor Issue Business Government. 2020;26:2.
Amorim LT, Toledo OA, Estrela CRA, et al. Antimicrobial analysis of different root canal filling pastes used in pediatric dentistry by two experimental methods. Brazilian Dent J. 2007;17:317-22.
Grossman L. Antimicrobial effects of root canal cement. J Endodon. 1980; 6:594.
Willerhausen I, Callaway A, Briseno B, et al. In vitro analysis of the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial effect of four endodontic sealers. Head Face Med. 2011;7:15.
Estrela C, Estrela CRA, Bammann LL, et al. Two methods to evaluate the antimicrobial action of calcium hydroxide paste. J Endod. 2001;27:5-7.
Huang Y, Li X, Mandal P, et al. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of four endodontic sealers. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19:118.
Dalmia S, Gaikwad A, Samuel R, et al. Antimicrobial efficacy of different endodontic sealers against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study. J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent. 2018;8:104-9.
Gholamhoseini Z, Alizadeh S, Bolbolian M. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of three bioceramic endodontic sealers against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Ann dental specialty. 2018;6:261-3.
Gürel M, Demiryürek EÖ, Özyürek T, et al. International antimicrobial activities of different bioceramic root canal sealers on various bacterial species. Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci. 2016;2:19-22.
Zhang H, Shen Y, Ruse ND. Antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers by modified direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 2009; 35:1051-5.
Al-Hezaimi K, Al-Hamdan K, Naghshbandi J, et al. Effect of white-colored mineral trioxide aggregate in different concentrations on Candida albicans in vitro. J Endod. 2005;31:684-6.
Slutzky-Goldberg I, Slutzky H, Solomonov M, et al. Antibacterial properties of four endodontic sealers. J Endod. 2008;34:735-8.
Morgental RD, Vier-Pelisser FV, Oliveira SD, et al. Antibacterial activity of two MTA-based root canal sealers. Int Endod. J 2011;44:1128-33.
Kuga MC, Faria Q, Weckwerth PH et al. Evaluation of pH, calcium release and antibacterial activity of MTA Fillapex. Rev odontol UNESP. 2013;42:330-5.
Lovato KF, Sedgley CM. Antibacterial activity of endosequence root repair material and Pro Root MTA against clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 2011;37:1542-6.
Zarrabi MH, Javidi M, Naderinasab M, et al. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial acitiviy of three cements: new endodontic cement (NEC), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and portland. J Oral Sci. 2009; 51:473-2.
Banu MLA, Bashar AKM, Howlader MR, et al. Antimicrobial efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate against therapy resistant endodontic microorganisms. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg. 2015;33:140-5.
Türkyılmaz A, Erdemir A. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of MTA based root canal sealer versus epoxy resin based and methacrylate resin based sealers. Int Dent Res. 2020;10:66-72.
Duzyol E, Aydogdu S, Duzyol M , et al. Antimicrobial activity of root canal sealers on facultative gram-positive cocci. Int J Dent Sci Res. 2020;8:80-2.
Chowdhury R, Alam S, Rubby G, et al. City Dent Coll. 2013;10:27-30.
Zhang H, Shen Y, Ruse ND, et al. Antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers by modified direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 2009;35:1051‑5.
Barbosa VM, Silva AP, Silva MO, et al. Antibacterial activity of a new readyto-use calcium silicate-based sealer. Brazilian Dent J. 2020;31:611-6
Arora R, Rawat P, Bhayya DP. A Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of three endodontic sealers: Endoflas FS, AH Plus and sealapex against Enterococcus faecalis an in vitro study. IOSR-JDMS. 2014;13:90-3.
Bose R, Ioannidis K, Foschi F, et al. Antimicrobial effectiveness of calcium silicate sealers against a nutrient-stressed multispecies biofilm. J. Clin. Med. 2020;9:2722.
Asgary S, Kamrani FA, Taheri S. Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of MTA, calcium hydroxide, and CEM cement. IEJ. 2017;2:105-9.
Estrela C, Bamman NLL, Estrela CRA, et al. Antimicrobial and chemical study of mta, portland cement, calcium hydroxide paste, sealapex and dycal. Braz Dent J. 2000;11:3-9.