Objective: Premedication in children should aim to relieve anxiety and facilitate the induction of anaesthesia. This study was designed to assess the effects of midazolam and ketamine on preoperative psychomotor functions and sedation of children when given orally. Methods: Twenty-six patients aged 3-6 years were included in the study. The day before surgery, children were familiarised with a postbox toy used for psychomotor performance assessment and the completion times were recorded. Forty-five minutes before surgery children were allocated into two groups (n=13). Group 1 received midazolam 0.5 mg/kg and group 2 received ketamine 5 mg/kg orally. In all the patients, before premedication, at 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th minutes of premedication, during separation from parents, arrival at the operating room and IV cannulation, sedation scores and oxygen saturations were recorded. At the 45th minute of premedication, the postbox tests were again performed. Side effects during induction and recovery were recorded. Results: Both in groups 1 and 2, the postbox test completion times and sedation scores increased significantly after premedication. But 15% of children in group 1 and 46% of children in group 2 were afraid of IV cannulation. One had hallusinations in group 2. Conclusion: Midazolam is superior to ketamine for paediatric oral premedication.