Melekber CAVUS OZKAN, Omer SARAC

3019

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on maxillofacial trauma etiology

Objective: Maxillofacial trauma (MFT) is a frequent presentation in the emergency department (ED) which requires a multidisciplinaryapproach. Although, its etiology and diversity of injuries are almost similar worldwide, the causes may differ among the countriesdepending on the sociocultural and environmental factors and local traffic regulations. This study aims to evaluate etiologies ofmaxillofacial traumas (MFTs) in ED and to compare etiologies of MFTs during COVID-19 pandemic with the previous year.Patients and Methods: Totally 84 (61 males, 23 females) patients admitted to ED of our center with MFT between March 15th – April30th, 2020 were included. The control group consisted of 148 (112 males, 36 females) MFT patients admitted to ED in the previousyear (March 15th-April 30th, 2019). Data including age, sex, cause of trauma, treatment, and COVID-19 infection status within 14 daysafter ED admission were compared between groups.Results: Mean age was 31.88±2.53 years in the patient group and 31.40±1.74 years in the control group. Number of patients admittedto ED with MFTs decreased by 43.3% during pandemic compared to the previous year. Majority of MFTs occurred at home, followedby public places, traffic, and workplaces in both time periods. During pandemic, the rate of home accidents increased and MFTsoccurred in the public places decreased.Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic-mandated social restrictions lead to a decrease in the number of MFTs. However, home accidentsare the main cause of MFTs. Spread of COVID-19 infection in the hospital setting can be minimized with necessary precautions.
Keywords:

Maxillofacial trauma, COVID-19, Emergency department Plastic Surgery, Lockdown,

PDF

___

  • [1] Rallis G, Stathopoulos P, Igoumenakis D, Krasadakis C, Mourouzis C, Mezitis M. Treating maxillofacial trauma for over half a century: how can we interpret the changing patterns in etiology and management? Or Surg or Med or Pa 2015;119:614-8. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.01.013
  • [2] Pungrasmi P, Haetanurak S. Incidence and etiology of maxillofacial trauma: a retrospective analysis of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital in the past decade. Asian Biomed 2017;11:353-8. doi: 10.1515/abm-2018-0007
  • [3] Pombo M, Luaces-Rey R, Pertega S, Arenaz J, Crespo JL, Garcia-Rozado A, et al. Review of 793 facial fractures treated from 2001 to 2008 in a coruna university hospital: types and etiology. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2010;3:49-54. doi: 10.1055/s-0030.124.9373
  • [4] Zandi M, Khayati A, Lamei A, Zarei H. Maxillofacial injuries in western Iran: a prospective study. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;15:201-9. doi: 10.1007/s10006.011.0277-6
  • [5] Lee JH, Cho BK, Park WJ. A 4-year retrospective study of facial fractures on Jeju, Korea. J Cranio Maxill Surg. 2010;38(3):192- 6. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2009.06.002
  • [6] Gassner R, Tuli T, Hachl O, Rudisch A, Ulmer H. Craniomaxillofacial trauma: a 10 year review of 9,543 cases with 21,067 injuries. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2003;31:51-61. doi: 10.1016/s1010-5182(02)00168-3
  • [7] Ozkaya O, Turgut G, Kayali MU, Ugurlu K, Kuran I, Bas L. A retrospective study on the epidemiology and treatment of maxillofacial fractures. Ulus Travma Acil Cer 2009;15:262-6.
  • [8] Erol BE, Tanrikulu R, Gorgun B. Maxillofacial Fractures. Analysis of demographic distribution and treatment in 2901 patients (25-year experience). J Cranio Maxill Surg 2004;32:308-13. doı: 10.1016/j.jcms.2004.04.006
  • [9] Arslan ED, Solakoglu AG, Komut E, et al. Assessment of maxillofacial trauma in emergency department. World J Emerg Surg 2014;9. doi: 10.1186/1749-7922-9-13
  • [10] Aksoy E, Unlu E, Sensoz O. A retrospective study on epidemiology and treatment of maxillofacial fractures. J Craniofac Surg 2002;13:772-5. doi: 10.1097/00001.665.200211000-00012
  • [11] World Health Organization. Rolling updates on coronavirus disease (COVID-19). https://www.who.int/emergencies/ diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen Accessed: 31 July 2020.
  • [12] TRTHaber. Türkiye’de ilk koronavirüs vakası tespit edildi. https://t.co/703QIlbea8?amp=1. Accessed 11 March 2020
  • [13] Bai J, Xu T, Ji AP, Sun W, Huang MW. Impact of COVID-19 on oral emergency services [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jul 2]. Int Dent J. doi:10.1111/idj.12603
  • [14] Bartella AK, Halama D, Kamal M, et al. Impact of Corona Virus Disease-2019 on oral – and maxillofacial surgery: Preliminary results after the curfew [published online ahead of print, 2020 Sep 15]. J Craniofac Surg doi:10.1097/ SCS.000.000.0000007062
  • [15] de Boutray M, Kün-Darbois JD, Sigaux N, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the epidemiology of maxillofacial trauma activity: a French multicentre comparative study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020;50:750-5. doi:10.1016/j. ijom.2020.10.005
  • [16] Ludwig DC, Nelson JL, Burke AB, Lang MS, Dillon JK. What is the effect of COVID-19-related social distancing on oral and maxillofacial trauma? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021;79:1091-7. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2020.12.006
  • [17] Salzano G, Dell’Aversana Orabona G, et al. Have there been any changes in the epidemiology and etiology of maxillofacial trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic? An Italian multicenter study. J Craniofac Surg 2020;32:1445-7. doi: 10.1097/SCS.000.000.0000007253
  • [18] Vishal K, Prakash O, Rohit MK, Prajapati VK, Shahi AK, Khaitan T. Incidence of maxillofacial trauma amid COVID-19: A comparative study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2020:1-6. doi:10.1007/s12663.020.01484-y Online ahead of print.
  • [19] Yang YT, Xing X, Sreekissoon S, Li Z. Impact of transmission control measures on the epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries in Wuhan City during the COVID-19 epidemic. J Craniofac Surg 2021;Publish Ahead of Print:1381-4. doi:10.1097/ SCS.000.000.0000007427
  • [20] https://istatistik.istanbul. Istanbul Ulaşım Bülteni Nisan, 2020. Accessed:15 March, 2020.
  • [21] Boffano P, Roccia F, Zavattero E, et al. European maxillofacial trauma (EURMAT) project: a multicentre and prospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015;43:62-70. doi: 10.1016/j. jcms.2014.10.011
  • [22] Bali RK, Chaudhry K. Maxillofacial surgery and COVID-19, The pandemic !! J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2020;19:159-61. doi:10.1007/s12663.020.01361-8
  • [23] Pietzka S, Kämmerer PW, Pietzka S, et al. Maxillofacial injuries in severely injured patients after road traffic accidents-a retrospective evaluation of the TraumaRegister DGU® 1993-2014. Clin Oral Investig 2020;24:503-13. doi:10.1007/ s00784.019.03024-6
  • [24] btGUNLUGU. https://www.btgunlugu.com/calisan-sayisiartikca- yas-ortalamasi-buyuyor. 27 September 2018
  • [25] Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü. http://trafik.gov.tr/istatistikler37; April, 2020.
  • [26] Hausamen JE. The scientific development of maxillofacial surgery in the 20th century and an outlook into the future. J Maxillofac Surg 2001;29:2-21. https://doi.org/10.1054/ jcms.2000.0174
  • [27] Hallez Q, Droit-Volet S. High levels of time contraction in young children in dual tasks are related to their limited attention capacities. J Exp Child Psychol 2017;161:148-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.04.013
  • [28] Zandi M, Saleh M, Seyed Hoseini SR. Are facial injuries caused by stumbling different from other kinds of fall accidents? J Craniofac Surg 2011;22:2388-92. doı: 10.1097/ scs.0b013e318231fca3
  • [29] Haug RH, Foss J. Maxillofacial injuries in the pediatric patient. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;90(2):126-34. DOI: 10.1067/moe.2000.107974
  • [30] Bamjee Y, Lownie JF, Cleaton-Jones PE, Lownie MA. Maxillofacial injuries in a group of South Africans under 18 years of age. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996;34:298-302. doi:10.1016/s0266-4356(96)90006-6
  • [31] Brucoli M, Boffano P, Romeo I, et al. Epidemiology of maxillofacial trauma in the elderly: A European multicenter study. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020;121:330-8. doi:10.1016/j.jormas.2019.09.002
  • [32] Boffano P, Roccia F, Zavattero E, et al. Assault-related maxillofacial injuries: the results from the European Maxillofacial Trauma (EURMAT) multicenter and prospective collaboration. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015;119:385-91. doi:10.1016/j.oooo.2014.12.004
  • [33] Olding J, Zisman S, Olding C, Fan K. Penetrating trauma during a global pandemic: Changing patterns in interpersonal violence, self-harm and domestic violence in the Covid-19 outbreak. Surgeon 2021;19:e9-e13. doi:10.1016/j. surge.2020.07.004
Marmara Medical Journal-Cover
  • ISSN: 1019-1941
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1988
  • Yayıncı: Marmara Üniversitesi
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Emine EKICI, Hatice IKIISIK, Handan ANKARALI, Gulay MANAV, Merve COLAK, Ezgi Hasret KOZAN

Mehtap TIRYAKIOGLU

Fatma KANPALTA, Dilek OZBEYLI, Ali SEN, Ozge CEVIK, Goksel SENER, Feriha ERCAN

Nilufer CETINER, Berna SAYLAN CEVIK, Engin TUTAR, Elif EROLU, Koray AK, Figen AKALIN

Kadir KUCUKCERAN, Mustafa Kursat AYRANCI

Erdi SOZEN, Tugce DEMIREL-YALCINER, Doga DAMLA DEMIR, Berkay OZNACAR, Nesrin KARTAL OZER

Gulnur KAR, Ebru EREK KAZAN

Ayse KARATAS, E. Zeynep ETI, Tumay UMUROGLU, Seniyye Ulgen ZENGIN, F. Yilmaz GOGUS

Coskun Ozer DEMIRTAS, Mesut KOLDAS, Metehan YILMAZ, Muhammed Zahid SAHIN, Muhammed Talha SOYKUVVET, Cigdem ATAIZI CELIKEL, Feyza GUNDUZ

Hande KAYMAKCALAN, Hande ALP, Ahmet Okay CAGLAYAN, Okan GULBAHAR, Emine Nihal GOKMEN, Emrah NIKEREL