SELİM DEMİR, İbrahim TURAN, Yüksel ALİYAZICIOĞLU

Antioxidant Properties of Primula vulgaris Flower Extract and Its Cytotoxic Effect on Human Cancer Cell Lines

Primula vulgaris is a plant belonging to Primula genus, and thesespecies are often used in traditional therapy. Although there arenumerous studies on the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of differentPrimula species, there are limited studies of these properties of P.vulgaris extracts. The aim of this study was to determine theantioxidant properties and cytotoxic effects of the extract preparedwith dimethyl sulfoxide from P. vulgaris flowers. The total phenoliccontent, total flavonoid content, and reducing antioxidant power of theextract were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Thecytotoxic effect of the extract on human colon (WiDr), lung (A549),liver (HepG2), breast (MCF-7), and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells and anormal human fibroblast cell line was assessed using the MTT assay.Total phenolic content and reducing power values of extract werefound 33.02±0.92 mg gallic acid equivalents, and 64.86±1.18 mg troloxequivalents per g sample, respectively. Extract exhibited selectivecytotoxic effect on all studied cancer cells compared to normalfibroblast cells, and the IC50 values of the extract in the cancer celllines range from 191.8 to 375.3 μg/mL. This work is one of thepioneering work that reveals the powerful antioxidant properties of P.vulgaris flower extract and its selective cytotoxic effect on cancer celllines. Further studies are needed to identify the active molecules inthe extract and the cytotoxic action mechanisms of these molecules.

Primula vulgaris Çiçek Ekstraktının Antioksidan Özellikleri ve İnsan Kanser Hücre Serileri Üzerindeki Sitotoksik Etkisi

Primula vulgaris, Primula cinsine mensup bir bitki olup, bu türler sıklıkla geleneksel tedavide kullanılmaktadırlar. Farklı Primula türlerinin antioksidan ve sitotoksik etkilerini konu alan çok sayıda çalışma olmasına rağmen, P. vulgaris ekstraktlarının bu özellikleri ile ilgili sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı P. vulgaris çiçeklerinden dimetil sülfoksit ile hazırlanan ekstraktın antioksidan özelliklerinin ve sitotoksik etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Ekstraktın toplam fenolik madde miktarı, toplam flavonoid madde miktarı ve indirgeyici antioksidan güç tayini spektrofotometrik yöntemler kullanılarak belirlendi. Ekstraktın sitotoksik etkisi ise insan kolon (WiDr), akciğer (A549), karaciğer (HepG2), meme (MCF7), ve prostat (PC-3) kanser hücre serileri ile normal insan fibroblast hücre serisi üzerinde MTT yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Ekstraktın toplam fenolik madde içeriği ve indirgeyici antioksidan güç̧ değerleri g örnek başına sırasıyla 33.02±0.92 mg gallik asit eşdeğeri ve 64.86±1.18 mg troloks eşdeğeri olarak bulundu. Ekstraktın çalışılan tüm kanser hücre serileri üzerinde normal fibroblast hücrelerine göre seçici sitotoksik etki gösterdiği belirlendi ve IC50 değerleri 191.8-375.3 μg/mL arasında hesaplandı. Bu çalışma P. vulgaris çiçek ekstraktının kuvvetli antioksidan özelliklerini ve kanser hücre serileri üzerindeki seçici sitotoksik etkisini ortaya koyan öncü çalışmalardan birisidir. Ekstrakttaki etken molekülleri ve bu moleküllerin sitotoksik etki mekanizmalarını belirleyebilmek için daha ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

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