Husserl Fenomenolojı̇sine Köprüler Kurmak

Bu makale Husserl fenomenolojisine köprüler kurmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bunun için de Husserl’in karşılaştığı felsefi problemlerden yola çıkacaktır. Makalede problemler üç başlık altında toplanmıştır. Bunlardan ilki Descartes’la başlayan modern felsefedeki özne merkezlilik, zihin-madde dualizmi ve yeni dünya anlayışıdır. İkincisisi ise, on dokuzuncu yüzyılda bilimlerin yükselişiyle birlikte karşımıza çıkan ontolojik, epistemolojik ve metodolojik yapıdır. Üçüncüsü de, bu yükseliş karşısında felsefenin yaşadığı meşruiyet problemidir. Husserl modern felsefedeki sorunları, bilincin kasıtlı olması, epokhe ve transandental indirgeme ile çözmeyi dener. Bilimlerin yükselişiyle karşılaştığı yapıya ise, her şeyin bilimsel bilgiyle ele alınamayacağı, yaşama dünyasının nedensellik ilkesine dayanarak anlaşılamayacağı ve bu bağlamda fenomenolojinin gerekli olduğu düşüncesiyle itiraz eder. Felsefenin bilimler karşısında yaşadığı meşruiyet krizini de hem felsefenin bundan böyle transandental fenomenoloji olduğu hem de bilimlere temel olduğu teziyle çözmeyi dener.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Husserl, Fenomenoloji, Epokhe, Transandental Felsefe, İndirgeme

Building Bridges to Husserl’s Phenomenology

This article aims to build bridges to Husserl's Phenomenology. For that purpose, the article starts the path from philosophical problems that Husserl encounters. Problems are examined under three headlines in the article. First headline is subject-centrism, mind-matter dualism and understanding of a new world in modern philosophy that started with Descartes. Second is the ontological, epistemological and methodological entity that we encountered with the rise of sciences in the 19th century. While third headline being the justification problem that philosophy experienced with this arise. At this juncture, Husserl tries to solve problems in modern philosophy with epoche, deliberate consciousness and transcendental reduction. Meanwhile, he objects to the entity that he encountered with the rise of sciences, by saying not everything can be handled with scientific information, the living world cannot be understood through causality principle and in this context, phenomenology is necessary. He tries to solve the justification crisis that philosophy experiences facing sciences, through the thesis that philosophy is, from now on, transcendental phenomenology and a basis to the sciences.

Keywords:

Husserl, Phenomenology, Epoche, Transcendental Phenomenology, Reduction,

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