Erken Alman Romantizminde İronik ve Poetik Hakikat

Erken Alman romantizminin yeşerdiği dönemde hayatın her alanında izleri genel olarak modernitenin başlangıcı kabul edilen 16. yüzyıla kadar sürdürülebilecek birçok değişiklik meydana geldi. Özellikle doğa bilimlerinde yaşanan önemli ve olumlu gelişmelerin dinamiği, orta çağdan beri bilimlerin kraliçesi sıfatını taşıyan felsefenin konumu açısından olumsuz bir durum ifade etmekteydi. Tahtı sarsılan felsefe artık hakikat kaynağı rolünü ifa etmekte zorlanmaya başlamıştı. Nitekim erken Alman romantizminde hem geleneksel felsefeden hem de bilimden, sanattan ve politik ve toplumsal hayattaki değişmelerden kopuk olmayan bir felsefeyle karşılaşmaktayız. Bu çerçevede üzerinde duracağımız romantik ironi Sokratik septisizmden doğmuş ve Fichte’nin felsefesinden güç almıştır. Romantiklerin elinde ise hem empirist hem de idealist hakikat, bilgi ve kesinlik nosyonlarına karşı bir eleştiri olup, daha esnek ve dinamik bir hakikat anlayışı ifade etmektedir. Böylesi bir hakikatin peşinde olmanın mücadelesi romantikleri çok boyutlu bir felsefeye sevketti. Bu felsefeye farklı bir özellik katan unsur onun ironik ruha sahip olan romantik şiir sanatıyla ittifakıdır. Hakikatin dinamiklerini poetik bir perspektiften okuyan romantik şiir, taşıdığı ironik ruhuyla empirist ve idealist kesin bilgi çemberinde mücadele eden insan kavrayışına veya anlayışına sonsuzluğa doğru eşlik etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Erken Alman Romantizmi, Hakikat, Felsefe

Ironic and Poetic Truth in Early German Romanticism

In the period when the early German romanticism flourished, many changes occurred in all areas of life that could be sustained until the 16th century, the traces of which are generally accepted as the beginning of modernity. The dynamics of important and positive developments in the natural sciences, in particular, expressed a negative situation in terms of the position of philosophy, which has been the queen of sciences since the middle ages. Philosophy, whose throne was shaken, began to have difficulties in fulfilling its role as a source of truth. As a matter of fact, in early German romanticism we encounter a philosophy that is not disconnected from both traditional philosophy and science, art and changes in political and social life. The romantic irony that we will focus on in this context was born from Socratic skepticism and was powered by Fichte's philosophy. In the hands of the Romantics, it is a criticism against both empiricist and idealist notions of truth, knowledge, and certainty, and expresses a more flexible and dynamic understanding of truth. The struggle to pursue such a truth led the romantics to a multidimensional philosophy. The element that adds a different feature to this philosophy is its alliance with romantic poetry, which has an ironic spirit. Reading the dynamics of truth from a poetic perspective, romantic poetry, with its ironic spirit, accompanies the human understanding or comprehension , which struggles in the empiricist and idealist circle of certain knowledge, towards eternity.

Keywords:

Early German Romanticism, Truth, , Philosophy,

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