Epigenetik Mekanizmalar ve Bazı Güncel Çalışmalar

Uzun yıllardan beri tıp ve biyoloji bilimlerinde, özellikle de genetik alanında, birçok kalıtsal hastalık, yeni keşfedilen kanser türleri ve fonksiyonları tam anlaşılamamış bazı biyolojik sistemlerde birçok çalışma yapılmakta ve yeni teoriler üretilmektedir. Ancak özellikle son yıllarda, bilinen genetik çözümlemelerin yetersiz kaldığı, genetiğin daha ötesindeki mekanizmalarla açıklanabilen birçok olgu mevcuttur ve bunlar epigenetik düzenleme adı altında incelenmektedir. Bu derleme makalesinde, epigenetik alanında yaşanan gelişmeler ve son yıllarda yapılan bazı çalışmalardan bahsedilecektir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

DNA metilasyonu, Epigenetik, Gen, Gen ifadesi, Gen susturma

Epigenetic Mechanisms and Some Recent Studies

For many years, it has been made and many researches and it has been generated new theories in medicine, biology and particularly genetics sciences for many genetic disorders, newly discovered cancer kinds and in some biological systems that their functions are not completely understood. But in recent years, there are many fact that falling short of common genetic analyses and it can explained with further genetics mechanisms and these are examined under the name of epigenetics. In this review article, it will be mentioned from the emerging developments in epigenetics field and some actual studies in recent years.

Keywords:

Epigenetic, Gene, Gene silencing, gene expression, DNA methylation,

PDF

___

Alyea, RA., Moore, NP., LeBaron, MJ., Gollapudi BB., Rasoulpour RJ. 2012. Is the current product safety assessment paradigm protective for epigenetic mechanisms? J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods, 66: 207-214.
Aslan, A. 2008. DNA Metilasyonu. Doktora Semineri, Fırat Üniversitesi, 25 s.
Bateson, P., Parker, D., Clutton-Brock, T., Deb, D., D’Udine, B., Foley, RA. 2004. Developmental Plasticity and Human Health. Nature, 430: 419-421.
Dolinoy, DC., Weidman, JR., Jirtle, RL. 2007. Epigenetic gene regulation: Linking early developmental environment to adult disease. Reprod. Toxicol., 23: 297-307.
Ellis, L., Atadja, PW., Johnstone, RW. 2009. Epigenetics in cancer: Targeting chromatin modifications. Mol. Cancer Ther., 8: 1409-1420.
Herceg, Z., Vissiere, T., Sawan, C. 2008. Epigenetic interplay between histon modifications and DNA methylation in Gene Silencing. Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat., 659: 40-48.
Holliday, R., Pugh, J. 1975. DNA modification mechanisms and gene activity during development. Science, 187: 226-232.
Karaçay, B. 2009. Kalıtımın yeni boyutu: epigenetik. Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, 505: 32-37.
Mann, MR., Bartolomei, MS. 1999. Towards a molecular understanding of Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. Hum. Mol. Genet., 8: 1867; 1873.
Morgan, H., Sutherland, H., Martin, D., Whitelaw, E. 1999. Epigenetic inheritance at the agouti locus in the mouse. Nat. Genet., 23: 314-318.
Morgan, HD., Santos, F., Green, K., Dean, W., Reik, W. 2005. Epigenetic reprogramming in mammals. Hum. Mol. Genet., 14 (1): 47-58.
Nestler, EJ. 2014. Epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction. Neuropharmacology, 76: 259-268.
Petronis, A. 2004. The origin of schizophrenia: Genetic thesis, epigenetic antithesis, and resolving synthesis. Biol. Psychiat., 55 (10): 965-970.
Rakyan, VK., Blewitt, ME., Druker, R., Preis, JI., Whitelaw, E. 2002. Metastable epialleles mammals. Trends Genet., 18 (7): 348-351.
Reik, W., Dean, W., Walter, J. 2001. Epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian development. Science, 293: 1089-1093.
Robison, AJ., Nestler, EJ. 2011. Transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of addiction. Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 12: 623-637.
Skinner, MK. 2007. Epigenetic transgenerational toxicology and germ cell disease. Int. J. Androl., 30: 393-397.
Skinner, MK., Manikkam, M., Bosagna, CG. 2009. Epigenetic transgerenational actions of environmental factors in disease etiology. NIH Public Access, 21 (4): 214-222.
Sweatt, JD., Guzman-Karlsson, MC., Rahn, EJ. 2013. Cellular, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms in non-associative conditioning: implications for pain and memory. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 105: 133-150.
Temple, IK. 2007. Imprinting in human disease with special reference to transient neonatal diabetes and BeckwithWiedemann syndrome. Endrocrin. Dev., 12: 113-123.
Waddington, C. 1940. Organisers and genes. UK Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Waterland, R., Jirtle, R. 2003. Transposable elements: Targets for early nutritional effects on epigenetic gene regulation. Mol. Cell. Biol., 23 (15): 5293-5300.
Zhang, M. 2007. Mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 19: 266-272.