OSMANLI DEVLETİ'NDE İHRACAT VE İTHALAT ARASINDAKİ UZUN DÖNEM İLİŞKİSİ: 1840-1913

Osmanlı Devleti, 1830'lu yıllarda bir dizi ticari serbestleşme hareketi gerçekleştirerek ekonomiyi dünya ekonomisine entegre etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Balta Limanı olarak bilinen ticaret antlaşması ise birçok tartışmayı da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu antlaşma dış ticaret dengesi ve dış borç pozisyonunu olumsuz etkileyen bir gösterge olarak kabul görmesi ve içerdiği serbestleşme reformlarıyla devletin ekonomik ve politik bağımsızlığını kaybetmesine yol açtığı gerekçesiyle birçok araştırmacı tarafından tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 1840-1913 dönemi itibariyle Osmanlı Devleti'nde uygulanan makroekonomik politikaların ve serbestleşme reformlarının, kısa dönem dış ticaret açığı olgusu oluşumunda etkili olup olmadığını, ihracat ve ithalat arasındaki uzun dönem ilişkiyi Engle ve Granger (1987) ve Johansen ve Juselius (1990) eşbütünleşme testlerini kullanarak belirlemektir. İhracat ve ithalat arasında uzun dönem ilişkinin mevcut olması Osmanlı Devleti'nin dış borç pozisyonunun kötüleşmesinde Balta Limanı Antlaşması'nın etkin olmadığını göstermektedir.

THE LONG-RUN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPORTS AND IMPORTS IN THE OTTOMAN STATE: 1840-1913

In the 1830's the Ottoman government initiated a series of liberalization measures, including several trade agreements, aimed at integrating domestic economy to the world economy. The agreement known as the Treaty of Balta Liman has been subject to numerous debates. Many scholars argue that this agreement was an indication of the economic collapse in the State because of worsening the trade account and external debt position and also the liberalization reforms caused the State to loose political and economic independence and to collapse soon afterwards. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run relationship between exports and imports in the Ottoman state for the period of 1840-1913 using Engle and Granger (1987) and Johansen and Juselius (1990) co-integration tests to determine whether the macroeconomic policies and liberalization reforms applied by the State were effective in making the trade deficit a short-run phenomenon. The co-integration test results indicate that there exists a stable long-run relationship between exports and imports of the Ottoman State for the period of 1840-1913. The existence of long-run relationship between exports and imports in the Ottoman State implies that the Treaty of Balta Liman is not responsible for worsening external debt position of the Ottoman State.

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