Fethi TOUL, Amina DJENDAR

Comparison of Major Bioactive Components of Various Solvent Extracts from Algerian Bunium incrassatum Umbellules and Antioxidant Activity

The present study was designed to examine the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of Bunium incrassatum extracts prepared in five different solvents with increasing polarities. RP-HPLC analysis resulted in the identification of 12 phenolic compounds, including 8 phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, rosmarinic acid, sinapic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid) and 4 flavonoids (catechin, hesperetin, luteolin, and quercetin). Two different test systems were used to assess the antioxidant activity: DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays. Methanol extract exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging potential and even low inhibitory effect against β-carotene bleaching, whereas chloroform extract showed the highest effect against β-carotene bleaching and a weak scavenging potential. As expected, methanol extract recorded the highest content of total phenolics (26.57±0.15 mg GAE/g E), while chloroform extract has been found to be the richest in flavonoids.

Keywords:

Bunium incrassatum, Umbellules, Antioxidant activity Phenolic compounds, RP-HPLC,

PDF

___

1. Jansen T, Claassen L, van Kamp I, Timmermans DRM. ‘All chemical substances are harmful.’ public appraisal of uncertain risks of food additives and contaminants. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020;136:110959.
2. Carocho M, Morales P, Ferreira ICFR. Natural food additives: Quo vadis? Trends Food Sci Technol. 2015;45(2):284–95.
3. Khatua S, Mitra P, Chandra S, Acharya K. In Vitro Protective Ability of Ramaria aurea Against Free Radical and Identification of Main Phenolic Acids by HPLC. J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 2015;21(4):380–91.
4. Siddiqui MS, Memon AA, Memon S, Baloch SG. Cuscuta reflexa as a Rich Source of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds. J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 2017;23(2):157–68.
5. Pandey MM, Vijayakumar M, Rastogi S, Rawat AKS. Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties of Selected Indian Spices of Apiaceae. J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 2012;18(3):246–56.
6. Quezel P, Santa S. Nouvelle flore de l’Algérie et des régions désertiques et Méridionales, Tome II. Edition CNRS, Paris. Paris; 1963.
7. Taïbi K, Ait Abderrahim L, Helal F, Hadji K. Ethnopharmacological study of herbal remedies used for the management of thyroid disorders in Algeria. Saudi Pharm J. 2021;29(1):43–52.
8. Bousetla A, Zellagui A, Derouiche K, Rhouati S. Chemical constituents of the roots of Algerian Bunium incrassatum and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity. Arab J Chem. 2015;8(3):313–6.
9. Robin M. Enquête sur le niveau de vie des populations rurales constantinoises de la conquête jusqu’en 1919. Essai d’histoire économique et sociale. University Press of France; 1962.
10. Attoui N, Berroukeche F, Guedri K, Toul F. Effect of the Roots of Algerian Bunium Incrassatum on Biological, Biochemical and Histological Parameters of Mature Female Rats. Plant Arch. 2021;21(1):201–9.
11. Chentouh S, Boulahbel S, Ouldjaoui A, Hammoudi N, Djebaili H, Adjal F. Effect of organic extracts of Bunium incrassatum on the hematological, ovarian and uterine parameters of mature female rabbit. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2017;9(3):1618–33.
12. Dehimi K, Djoudi Z, Boulaouad A, Maadadi AR, Dahamna S, Khennouf S. A contribution to the valorization of two medicinal plants: Atriplex halimus Sub. Sp. Schweinfurthii and Bunium incrassatum, growing in the region of M’sila (North-East Algeria). Indian J Nov Drug Deliv. 2020;12(4):208–16.
13. Hayet EK, Hocine L, Meriem EK. Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils and the Methanolic extracts of Bunium Incrassatum and Bunium Alpinum from Algeria. J Chil Chem Soc. 2017;62(1):3335–41.
14. Toul F, Djendar A, Seladji M, Berroukeche F. Algerian Bunium incrassatum Seeds: Effects of Extraction Solvent Polarity on Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity. J Turkish Chem Soc Sect A Chem. 2022;9(2):475–82.
15. Bousetla A, Kurkcuoglu M, Konuklugil B, Baser KHC, Rhouati S. Composition of essential oil from Bunium incrassatum from Algeria. Chem Nat Compd. 2014;50(4):753–5.
16. Singleton VL, Rossi JA. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Vitic [Internet]. 1965;16(3):144–58.
17. Zhishen J, Mengcheng T, Jianming W. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem. 1999;64(4):555–9.
18. Julkunen-Tiitto R. Phenolic constituents in the leaves of northern willows: methods for the analysis of certain phenolics. J Agric Food Chem. 1985;33(2):213–7.
19. Sánchez‐Moreno C, Larrauri JA, Saura‐Calixto F. A procedure to measure the antiradical efficiency of polyphenols. J Sci Food Agric. 1998;76(2):270–6.
20. Moure A, Franco D, Sineiro J, Domínguez H, Núñez MJ, Lema JM. Evaluation of extracts from Gevuina avellana hulls as antioxidants. J Agric Food Chem. 2000;48(9):3890–7.
21. Hertog MGL, Hollman PCH, Venema DP. Optimization of a quantitative HPLC determination of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids in vegetables and fruits. J Agric Food Chem. 1992;40(9):1591–8.
22. Rezaie M, Farhoosh R, Iranshahi M, Sharif A, Golmohamadzadeh S. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of antioxidative compounds from Bene (Pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica) hull using various solvents of different physicochemical properties. Food Chem. 2015;173:577–83.
23. López A, Rico M, Rivero A, de Tangil MS. The effects of solvents on the phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of Stypocaulon scoparium algae extracts. Food Chem. 2011;125(3):1104–9.
24. Liu X, Liu Y, Shan C, Yang X, Zhang Q, Xu N, et al. Effects of five extraction methods on total content, composition, and stability of flavonoids in jujube. Food Chem X. 2022;14:100287.
25. Pereira V V, Borel CR, Silva RR. Phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Byrsonima species. Nat Prod Res. 2015;29(15):1461–5.
26. Nickavar B, Esbati N. Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of three Thymus species. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2012;5(3):119–25.
27. Daneshfar A, Ghaziaskar HS, Homayoun N. Solubility of gallic acid in methanol, ethanol, water, and ethyl acetate. J Chem Eng Data. 2008;53(3):776–8.
28. Chaillou LL, Nazareno MA. New method to determine antioxidant activity of polyphenols. J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54(22):8397–402.
29. Koleva II, Van Beek TA, Linssen JPH, De Groot A, Evstatieva LN. Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: A comparative study on three testing methods. Phytochem Anal. 2002;13(1):8–17.
30. Vo Q V, Bay M Van, Nam PC, Quang DT, Flavel M, Hoa NT, et al. Theoretical and experimental studies of the antioxidant and antinitrosant activity of syringic acid. J Org Chem. 2020;85(23):15514–20.
31. Ignat I, Volf I, Popa VI. A critical review of methods for characterisation of polyphenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables. Food Chem. 2011;126(4):1821–35.
32. Barek S, Rahmoun NM, Aissaoui M, El Haci IA, Bensouici C, Choukchou-Braham EN. Phenolic Contents, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of the Algerian Genista saharae Solvent Extracts. J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 2020;26(1):1–13.
33. Zengin G, Paksoy MY, Aumeeruddy MZ, Glamocilja J, Sokovic M, Diuzheva A, et al. New insights into the chemical profiling, cytotoxicity and bioactivity of four Bunium species. Food Res Int. 2019;123(January):414–24.
34. Cayman Chemical [Internet]. Available from: https://www.caymanchem.com/
35. Gadow AV, Joubert E, Hansmann CF. Comparison of the antioxidant activity of rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) with green, oolong and black tea. Food Chem [Internet]. 1997;60(1):73–7.