Eray ÇAŞIN, Nihal DERİN COŞKUN, Cumhur Eren IŞIK

DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME GLAZE FAULTS ENCOUNTERED IN SANITARYWARES

The use of suitable glaze compositions, which enable ceramic sanitaryware (such as sink, toilet bowl, toilet bowl, etc.) to have better hygienic, aesthetic and technical properties, is of great importance as in other ceramic products. Glaze compositions, which provide durability to sanitaryware materials, reduce impact resistance and give ceramic material a hygienic appearance, are produced as ~97% white color depending on the preferences of the consumers, therefore, surface defects attract more attention in glazing and post-glazing process applications. When faults occurred during the different stages of manufacture detected on the final product, failure to detect faults on the final product by passing many production stages poses a problem in terms of intervention in the process. Faults that occur during glaze preparation are important in terms of cost. Since it is a stage in which many economic evaluations have been made in production, eliminating the faults caused from glaze preparation prevents further financial loss. In this study, the appearance of the faults in the sanitaryware items and the change in their regions (occured as a result of the oils contaminations from the machinery and components used in the preparation of glaze, the pipes of the tanks used in the glaze transport tanks and the glaze transfer or the impurities contaminated from the environment, the splashing of the impurities by the colored glazes in the glazing cabinets etc.) were characterized by means of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), XRF (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry), XRD (X-Ray Diffractometry) and color measurement (L a* b*) analyses. According to the data derived from the final defected products, the faulty products were imitated by using the same components and methods on the plates under the laboratory conditions. Finally, the solutions for the problems were determined on the basis of faulty products obtained in the laboratory.

Keywords:

Glaze Faults, Sanitaryware, Characterization,

PDF

___

[1] Gol, F., Saritas, Z., G., Cıbuk, S., Ture, C., Kacar, E., Yilmaz, A., Arslan, M., and Sen, F. (2022). Coloring effect of iron oxide content on ceramic glazes and their comparison with the similar waste containing materials. Ceramics International, 48(2), 15 January, 2241-2249.
[2] Wang, S., Li, X., Wang, C., Bai, M., Zhou, X., Zhang, X., and Wang, Y. (2022). Anorthite-based transparent glass-ceramic glaze for ceramic tiles: Preparation and crystallization mechanism, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 42(3), March, 1132-1140.
[3] Hasanuzzaman, M., and Islam, F., Rashid, A. (2022). Investigation of methods to prevent pin-holing defect in tableware ceramic industry, Int J Ceramic Eng Sci., 1–10.
[4] Öztürk, Z. B. and Can, A. (2023). The use of micronized pumice in the production of ceramic sanitaryware glazes with sustainable industrial characteristics, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 38(3), 1967–1977.
[5] Kaplan, A.E. ve Binal, G. (2017). Vitrifiye Seramik Beyaz Opak Sırlarda Zirkonyum Silikat Miktarının Azaltılması, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1).
[6] Aydin, T. and Casin, E. (2021). Mixed Alkali and Mixed Alkaline-Earth Effect in Ceramic Sanitaryware Bodies Incorporated with Blast Furnace Slag, Waste and Biomass Valorization, 12(5), 2685–2702.
[7] Bernasconi, A., Diella, V., Pavese, A., Marinoni, N., and Francescon, F. (2012). Characterization of traditional sanitary-ware glazes using classical and unconventional analytical methods, European Mineralogical Conference 1, EMC2012-473.
[8] Fortuna, A., Fortuna, D.M, and Martini, E., (2017). An industrial approach to ceramics: Sanitaryware, Plınıus n. 43.
[9] Silvestri, L. (2020). Life cycle assessment of sanitaryware production: A case study in Italy, Journal of Cleaner Production, 251, 1 April 2020, 119708.
[10] Mete, Z. (2020). Seramik Kimyası, Tibyan Yayıncılık, İzmir.
[11] Fraser, H. (2005). Ceramic Faults and Their Remedies, A & C Black Publishers Ltd.
[12] Kartal, A. (1998). Sır ve Sırlama Tekniği, Banaz.
[13] Topateş, G., Alıcı, B., Tarhan, B., and Tarhan, M. (2020). The effect of zircon particle size on the surface properties of sanitaryware glaze, Materials Research Express 7, 015203.
[14] Arcasoy, A., and Başkırkan, H. (2020). Seramik Teknolojisi, İstanbul.
[15] Öztürk, Z.B., Atabey, İ.İ. (2022). Mechanical and microstructural characteristics of geopolymer mortars at high temperatures produced with ceramic sanitaryware waste, Ceramics International, Volume 48, Issue 9, 1 May, Pages 12932-12944.