The impact of hypothyroidism and levothyroxine treatment on preeclampsia risk: unraveling the connection for improved maternal and neonatal outcomes

Aims: Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related complication, may develop in women with hypothyroidism. Possible risk factors may include comorbidities, predisposition to diabetes, obesity, advanced maternal age, and prior infertility treatments. The study aims to investigate the relationship between hypothyroidism and the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women receiving levothyroxine by examining its application period. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort included pregnant women who gave birth between December 2022-April 2023. Women with 110 preeclampsia and those without preeclampsia (152 controls) were identified and compared in terms of hypothyroidism status, type of hypothyroidism, and levothyroxine treatment. Results: The results showed a significant association between the severity of the preeclampsia and its onset that early onset cases were more likely to be severe, while late onset cases were predominantly mild (p<0.001). The results showed no association between the onset of the preeclampsia and the starting treatment period (p=0.372). In the binary logistic regression, only one variable, "Apgar 5th minute" was significant in the logistic regression analysis (p=0.032). The coefficient indicates that as the "Apgar 5th minute” score increases, "during pregnancy" decrease by a factor of 0.603 (ODDs ratio; ranged from 0.380 to 0.957). Conclusion: There was a difference in the distribution of mild and severe preeclampsia between the euthyroid and hypothyroidism. Early threating hypothyroid with Levothyroxine might affect the Apgar score.

Keywords:

Hypothyroidism, levothyroxine, preeclampsia Apgar,

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