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The association between vitamin D level and ICU mortality in COVID-19 patients: a single center survey

Aim: Vitamin D, an immune modulator, may contribute COVID-19 infection. This study aims to assess the relationship between vitamin D value and clinical outcomes (need for mechanical ventilation (MV) support and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality) in critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Material and Method: This study included critically ill adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. Serum vitamin D level was analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Vitamin D concentration was classified as normal (≥20 ng/mL) and deficiency (<20 ng/mL). The association between serum vitamin D value and the need for MV treatment and ICU mortality was analyzed by logistic regression model. Results: Ninety-six critically adult COVID-19 patients with were recruited. The mean age of patients was 68.8±12.6 years. The mean APACHE II score of participants was 14.5±6.7. A total of 69.8% of participants had vitamin D deficiency. Patients with deficiency of vitamin D had significantly higher procalcitonin, BUN and creatinine concentrations than patients with normal vitamin D value (p=0.031, p=0.003, and p=0.001, respectively). Serum vitamin D level was negatively weak correlated with SOFA score (Rho=-0.238, p=0.020), serum creatinine (Rho=-0.299, p=0.003) and troponin levels (Rho=-0.330, p=0.004). Serum vitamin D value was not significantly associated with the need for MV support and ICU mortality (p>0.05). Conclusion: Approximately 70% of our study sample has below the normal range of serum vitamin D value. Low serum vitamin D concentrations were associated with increased SOFA, creatinine, and troponin concentrations in patients with COVID-19 infection. Vitamin D deficiency was not a predictor of need for MV support and ICU mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Keywords:

COVID-19, vitamin D intensive care unit, mortality,

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