Measurement of 0 to 2 age normal eyeball volume by the use of multidetector computed tomography

Aim: To diagnose microphthalmia or macrophthalmia, it is necessary to know the normal reference values of the eyeball volumes. However, we do not have a table of normal reference values to evaluate normal eyeball volume at 0-2 years of age. To compensate for this deficiency, we aimed to detect normal eyeball volumes in the age group of 0-2 years with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Material and Method: A total of 90 patients who underwent MDCT with a prior diagnosis of head trauma but without traumatic pathology were included in the study. Patients were divided into age groups of 0-1 months, 2-6 months, 7-12 months, 13-24 months. The mean values of patients in each age group were examined with a 95% confidence interval. The correlation between bilateral eyeball volumes and age was calculated using the Pearson correlation test. The relationship between the age groups and the volume of the eyeball was studied using one-way ANOVA test. The relationship between eyeball volumes and sex was evaluated using the Mann Whitney U test. Results: Mean eyeball volume was measured as 3.91±0.54 cm3 for 0-1 months, 4.44 ±0.66 cm3 for 2-6 months, 5.81 ±0.68 cm3 for 7-12 months, and 5.83±1.09 cm3 for 13-24 months. A strong positive correlation was observed between eyeball volume and age (p 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between right eyeball volume and left eyeball volume ( p> 0.05). Conclusions: The increase in eyeball volume is most rapid in the first year of life. In this study, the reference eyeball volumes were determined in order to properly assess this rapid increase.

___

  • Chader GJ, Taylor A. Preface: the aging eye: normal changes, age-related diseases, and sight-saving approaches. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54: ORSF1-ORSF4.
  • Diaconu SC, Dreizin D, Uluer M, Mossop C, Grant MP, Nam AJ. The validity and reliability of computed tomography orbital volume measurements. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg 2017; 45: 1552-7.
  • Fan X, Li J, Zhu J, Li H, Zhang D. Computer-assisted orbital volume measurement in the surgical correction of late enophthalmos caused by blowout fractures. Ophthalmic Plastic Reconstr Surg 2003; 19: 207-11.
  • Deveci M, Öztürk S, Şengezer M, Pabuşcu Y. Measurement of orbital volume by a 3-dimensional software program: an experimental study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 58: 645-8.
  • Gupta H, Natarajan S, Vaidya S, et al. Traumatic eye ball luxation: A stepwise approach to globe salvage. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2017; 31: 260-5.
  • Hahn F, Chu W-K. Ocular volume measured by CT scans. Neuroradiology 1984; 26: 419-20.
  • Igbinedion B, Ogbeide O. Measurement of normal ocular volume by the use of computed tomography. Nigerian J Clin Pract 2013; 16: 315-9.
  • Akdulum İ, Gürün E, Tiken R, Aydemir AB, Boyunaga ÖL. Optic canal diameters according to age in the pediatric population. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2021; 58: 319-23.
  • Gurun E, Kaya M, Gurun KH. Evaluation of normal adrenal gland volume and morphometry and relationship with waist circumference in an adult population using multidetector computed tomography. Med Bull Sisli Etfal Hosp 2021; 55: 333.
  • Wales RC. Ocular measurement by simple gravimetric methods. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1977; 16: 580-2.
  • Acer N, Sahin B, Ucar T, Usanmaz M. Unbiased estimation of the eyeball volume using the Cavalieri principle on computed tomography images. J Craniofac Surg 2009; 20: 233-7.
  • Hahn FJ, Chu WK. Ocular volume measured by CT scans. Neuroradiology 1984; 26: 419-20.
  • Forbes G, Gehring DG, Gorman CA, Brennan MD, Jackson IT. Volume measurements of normal orbital structures by computed tomographic analysis. Am J Neuroradiol 1985; 6: 419-24.
  • Boruah DK, Dutta HK, Sarma K, Hazarika K, Sharma BK, Goswami A. Normative magnetic resonance imaging measurements of orbital structures in pediatric population of North-Eastern India: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69: 2099-105.
  • Ozgen A, Aydingöz U. Normative measurements of orbital structures using MRI. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2000; 24: 493-6.
  • Özer CM, Öz II, Serifoglu I, Büyükuysal MÇ, Barut Ç. Evaluation of eyeball and orbit in relation to gender and age. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27: e793-e800.
  • Pearce E, Bridge H. Is orbital volume associated with eyeball and visual cortex volume in humans? Annals Human Biol 2013; 40: 531-40.
  • Wilkinson CM, Mautner SA. Measurement of eyeball protrusion and its application in facial reconstruction. J Forensic Sci 2003; 48: 1-5.
  • Thaller V. Enucleation volume measurement. Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery 1997;13:18-20.
  • Chau A, Fung K, Pak K, Yap M. Is eye size related to orbit size in human subjects? Ophthal Physiol Optics 2004; 24: 35-40