The early loss of first permanent molars (FPMs) may cause various problems in the dentofacial region. In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate the conditions of FPMs of a Turkish pediatric sample living in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Dental panoramic radiographs (DPR) with good diagnostic quality and demographic characteristics of patients aged 7-17 years were retrospectively reviewed. Accordingly, affected teeth were evaluated by caries, filling, root canal treatment, retained root, apical lesion, and extraction. FPMs were compared by mandible, maxilla, and right-left jaw positions. The study was carried out with a total of 929 children, 442 (47.60) females and 487 (52.40) males. The participants were between the ages of 7-17 (M=12.10 ± 2.92). Among 3,974 FPMs evaluated, 2,018 (50.79%) were determined to be healthy, while 1,956 (49.21%) were affected. DC1 and F1 were the most common conditions of all evaluated FPMs. Regarding mandibular and maxillary FPMs, 1.137 of the FPMs1+FPMs2 and 881 of the FPMs3+FPMs4 were discovered to be healthy, and the difference was statistically significant (p