THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREGNANT WOMEN' EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND FEAR OF CHILDBIRTH, READİNESS FOR CHILDBIRTH AND WAYS OF COPING WITH STRESS

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the relationship between pregnant women's emotionalintelligence (EI) , Fear of Labor (FOC), Readiness for Labor (RFC), and ways of overcoming the stress.Material and Method: The research is descriptive-correlational. The study was carried out with 665pregnant women who were in the third trimester and admitted to the obstetrics and gynecology clinics inNothern Turkey. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Emotional IntelligenceAssessment Scale (EIAS), Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ) and Ways of CopingChecklist (WCCL). Percentage, mean ± standard deviation and median, Kolmogorov Smirnov test,Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results: In the study, the pregnant women's emotional intelligence (EI) score average was 126.30±28,the RFC average was 29.25±4.77 and the FOC average was 27.46±4.58. Self-Confident Approach,Optimistic Approach and Finding Social Support dimensions of the Stress Coping Styles Scale inPregnant Women were found to be above the average score, and the Desperate Approach andSubmissive Approach dimensions scores were below the average score. It was determined that therewas a weakly significant positive correlation between the total EI scores of the pregnant women and themean scores of RFC, FOC and coping with stress (p

PDF

___

1. Mayer JD, Salovey P, Caruso DR. Emotional intelligence as zeitgeist, as personality, and as a mental ability. In: R. Bar-On & J. D. A. Parker, editors. The handbook of emotional intelligence: Theory, development, assessment, and application at home, school, and in the workplace, Jossey-Bass. 2000;p. 92–117.
2. Airo R, Korja R, Saisto T, Rouhe H, Muotka J, Salmela–Aro K. Changes in emotions and personal goals in primiparous pregnant women during group intervention for fear of childbirth. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 2018;36(4), 363-380.
3. Hildingsson I. Haines H, Karlström A, Nystedt A. Presence and process of fear of birth during pregnancy—Findings from a longitudinal cohort study. Women and Birth. 2017;30(5):e242–e247.
4. Çapık A, Sakar T, Apay SE. Relationship between health practices and emotional intelligence in pregnancy. International Refereed Journal of Nursing Research. 2016;6:76-88.
5. Lee RT, Ashforth BEA. Further examination of managerial burnout: Toward an İntegrated Model. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 1993;14(1):3- 20.
6. Buko G, Özkan H. The correlation between emotional intelligence and prenatal attachment levels of pregnant women. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2016;19(4):217- 224.
7. Serçekuş P, Okumuş H. Fears associated with childbirth among nulliparous women in Turkey. Midwifery. 2009;25(2):155-162.
8. Sönmez CI, Sivaslıoğlu AA. Preference of delivery type of pregnant women and the factors effecting them. Konuralp Medical J. 2019;11(3):369-376.
9. Yaşar Ö, Kır Şahin F, Coşar E, Nadirgil Köken G, Cevrioğlu AS. Birth preferences of primipara women and factors affecting this. J Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2007;17(6):414-420.
10. Diego MA, Field T, Hernandez-Reif M, Schanberg S, Kuhn C, Gonzalez-Quintero VH. Prenatal depression restricts fetal growth. Early Hum Dev. 2009;85(1):65-70.
11. Shishehgar S, Dolatian M, Majd HA, Bakhtiary M. Perceived pregnancy stress and quality of life amongst Iranian women. Glob J Health Sci. 2014;6(4):270-277.
12. Pearlstein T. Depression during pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;29(5):754- 764.
13. Aktaş S, Pasinlioğlu T. The effect of empathic communication skills of midwives on labor and post labor period. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences. 2016;19:38-45.
14. Gaskin IM. Ina May's birth preparation guide. In: Erkök ÖE, Güler ZB, editors. 1. st ed. İstanbul: Sinek Sekiz Publishing. 2015;305-378.
15. Erigüç G, Eriş H, Kabalcıoğlu F. Emotional intelligence and communication skills of nursing students: Example of Harran University School of Health. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences. 2014;6(2):1-7.
16. Karaçam Z, Akyüz EÖ. Supportive care given in labor and the role of the midwife / nurse. Florence Nightingale Nursing Journal. 2011;19(1):45-53.
17. Tiran D. The Context of Childbirth: Psychological Context. In: Henderson C, Macdonald S, editors. Mayes' Midwifery A textbook for Mdiwives. 13 th ed. London: Elsevier. 2008;14-27.
18. Mongan MF. Hypnobirthing: The Mongan Method: A natural approach to a safe, easier, more comfortable birthing. 3rd ed. Health Communications, Inc. FL. 2005;57-63.
19. Miltner RS. Identifying labor support actions of intrapartum nurses. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2000;29(5):491-499.
20. Sleutel MR. Intrapartum nursing: Integrating Rubin's Framework with Social Support Theory. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2003;32(1):76-82.
21. Patterson D, Begley A.M. An exploration of the importance of emotional intelligence in midwifery, Evidence Based Midwifery. 2011;9(3):128-134.
22. Dönmez S, Yeniel Ö, Kavlak O. Comparison of state anxiety levels of pregnant women having vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences. 2014;3(3):908-920.
23. Uçar T, Gölbaşı Z. Fear of childbirth, ıts causes and consequences. İnönü University Journal of Health Sciences. 2015;4(2):54-58. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306572 188
24. Yılar Erkek Z, Aktas S. The effect of foot reflexology on the anxiety levels of women in labor. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2018;24(4):352–360. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2017.0263
25. Dursun P, Yanık FB, Zeyneloglu HB, Baser E, Kuscu E, Ayhan A. Why women request cesarean section without medical ındication? The Journal of Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2011;24(9): 1133-1137.
26. Demirsoy G, Aksu H. Reasons of fear and copıng assocıated with childbirth. KASHED. 2015;2(2):36-45.
27. Özcan Ş, Arslan E. Determination of maternal satisfaction at normal and cesarean birth. Florence Nightingale Nursing Journal. 2015;23(1):41-48.
28. Bülbül T, Özen B, Çopur A, Kayacık F. Investigation the fear of labor and decision making about delivery type in pregnant. Journal of Health Sciences). 2016;25(3):126-130.
29. Demirbaş H, Kadıoğlu H. Adaptation to pregnancy in prenatal period women and factors associated with adaptation. Journal of Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences. 2014;4(4):200-206.
30. Ergin EF. A research on the relationship between emotional intelligence levels of university students and their 16 personality traits. Social Sciences Institute, Department of Child Development and Home Management Education (dissertation). Konya: Selçuk Univ. 2000.
31. Karahan TF, Özçelik M. The effect of an emotional intelligence skill training program on the emotional intelligence levels of Diabetes patients. Uludağ University Journal of Education Faculty. 2006;19(2):301-320.
32. Sardoğan ME, Kaygusuz C. Investigation of the individuals who were diagnosed as antisocial personality disorder and not diagnosed in terms of emotional intelligence levels. Ege Journal of Education. 2006;7(1):85-102.
33. Ünsar S, Fındık ÜY, Sadırlı SK, Erol Ö. Emotional intelligence level of Edirne Health School Students, University of Social Sciences. Education and Thought Journal. 2009;9(1):1-13.
34. Fırat Kılıç H, Çağlayan S, Sucu Dağ G. Emotional intelligence levels of nursing students and affecting factors. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing. 2017;14(4):275-282.
35. Goleman D. Emotional intelligence: why is it more important than academic intelligence (IQ)? In: Yüksel B.S, editor. Istanbul: Varlık Publications. 1998;34-68.
36. Beydağ KT, Mete S. Validity and reliability study of the prenatal self-evaluation questionnaire. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2008;11(1):16-24.
37. Şahin NH, Durak A. Stress Coping Styles Scale: Adaptation for university students. Turk Psikol Derg. 1995;10(34):56-73.
38. Karahan TF, Koç HE. A study of stress coping styles of university students according to the frequency of alcohol and cigarette use. Ege Journal of Education. 2005;6(2):113-131.
39. Golmakani N, Ahmadi M, Asgharipour N, Esmaeli H. The relationship of emotional intelligence with Women's Postabortion Grief and Bereavement. JMRH. 2018;6(1):1163-1169.
40. Mete S, Çiçek Ö, Aluş Tokat M, Çamlıbel M, Uludağ E. The effect of childbirth preparation classes on fear of childbirth, birth preference and preparation of labor. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2017;9(3):201-216.
41. Yılmaz SD, Beji NK. Levels of coping with stress, depression and prenatal attachment and affecting factors of pregnant women. General Medical Journal. 2010;20(3):99-108.
42. Coşkun, E. Investigation of the effect of emotional intelligence and intolerance of uncertainty to the ways of coping with stress (dissertation). İstanbul: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Foundation Univ.2019.
43. Çankaya M, Çiftçi EG. The impact of emotional intelligence on nurses' coping styles with stress: An application in Çorum. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences. 2019;19(2):391-414.
44. Sarabia-Cobo CM, Suárez SG, Crispín EJM, Sarabia Cobo AB, Pérez V, De Lorena P, Rodriguez C, Sanlúcar LG. Emotional intelligence and coping styles: An intervention in Geriatric Nurses. Appl Nurs Res. 2017;35:94-98.
45. Ogińska-Bulik N. Emotional intelligence in the workplace: exploring its effects on occupational stress and health outcomes in human service workers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2005;18(2):167-175.
46. Pau AKH, Croucher R, Sohanpal R, Muirhead V, Seymour K. Emotional intelligence and stress coping in dental undergraduates—a qualitative study. Br Dent J. 2004;197(4):205-209.
47. Wang Y, Xie G, Cui X. Effects of emotional intelligence and self-leadership on students' coping with stress. Soc Behav Pers. 2016;44(5):853-864.
48. Noorbakhsh SN, Besharat MA Zarei, J. Emotional intelligence and coping styles with stress. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2010;5: 818-822.
49. Lea RG, Davis SK, Mahoney B, Qualter P. Does emotional intelligence buffer the effects of acute stress? A systematic review. Front Psychol. 2019;10(8):10-19.
50. Abdollahpour I, Nedjat S, Besharat MA, Hosseini B, Salimi Y. Emotional intelligence: A comparison between medical and non-medical students. Iran J Public Health. 2016;45(2):214-222.
51. Goodman P, Mackey MC, Tavakoli, AS. Factors related to childbirth satisfaction. J Adv Nurs. 2004;46(2):212-219.
52. Erdemoğlu Ç, Özşahin Z, Altıparmak S. The effect of personality traits of pregnant and their ways of coping with stress on the fear of childbirth. Jour Turk Fam Phy. 2019;10(3):130- 139.
53. Tighe SM. An exploration of the attitudes of attenders and nonattenders towards antenatal education. Midwifery. 2010;26(3): 294-303.
54. Bolsoy N, Çelik N, Şimşek HN. Does psychoeducation improve obstetric and maternal outcomes in women with fear of birth? Systematic Review. Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing Electronic Journal. 2019;12 (1):82-90.
55. Izudi J, Akwang DG, McCoy SI, Bajunirwe F, Kadengye DT. Effect of health education on birth preparedness and complication readiness on the use of maternal health services: A propensity score-matched analysis. Midwifery. 2019;78:78- 84.
56. Aktas S, Pasinlioğlu T. The effect of empathy training given to midwives on the empathic communication skills of midwives and the birth satisfaction of mothers giving birth with the help of these midwives: A quasi-experimental study. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 2020:1-10.