Nanopartiküler Aşılar

Nanoteknoloji, 1-100 nm aralığında küçük bir ölçekte maddenin uygulamalı imalat ve manipülasyon bilimidir. Özellikle aşı biliminde nanoteknolojinin kullanımı son yıllarda hızla ortaya çıkmış ve “nanovasinoloji” nin doğmasına yol açmıştır. Nanoteknoloji, hücresel ve humoral bağışıklık tepkilerini artırma fırsatı sunan nano taşıyıcı tabanlı uygulama sistemleri sayesinde aşı gelişiminde gün geçtikçe daha da önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Nanopartikül tabanlı aşı uygulamaları, aşıları erken bozulmaya karşı koruyabilmektedir, stabiliteyi arttırmaktadır ve iyi adjuvan özelliklerine sahiptir. NP'ler, çeşitli antijenlerin belirli dokulara ve organlara verilmesi için kullanılabilen, biyolojik olarak parçalanabilen, minimum toksisiteye sahip özellikleri ile geleneksel aşı yöntemlerine karşı etkili ve alternatif platformlar sağlamaktadır. Virüs benzeri partiküller, lipozomlar, ISCOM'lar, polimerik, inorganik nanopartiküller ve emülsiyonlar gibi ölçek dışı boyuttaki materyaller, hem aşı antijenlerini stabilize edebilen hem de adjuvan olarak işlev görebilen potansiyel dağıtım araçları olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Nanopartikül materyalinin bileşimi, nanopartiküllerin taşınması ve farmakokinetik özelliklerinde, salınım hızında ve hücresel alımda, biyolojik olarak parçalanabilirliğinde ve biyouyumlulukta önemli bir role sahiptir. Nanopartiküler aşıların, COVID-19 gibi hızla ortaya çıkan pandemilerde ve aşılama ile kontrol altına alınamayan kanserler dahil olmak üzere birçok hastalık için gelecekte aşı geliştirmeye rehberlik edebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derleme; nanopartiküllerin fiziksel özellikleri ve nanopartiküler aşı çeşitleri ile ilgili bilgiler sunmakta ve nanopartikül tabanlı aşı teknolojileri kullanılarak yapılan çalışmalara genel bir bakış sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Aşı, COVID-19, Nanopartikül, Nanoteknoloji

Nanoparticular Vaccines

Nanotechnology is the applied science of making and manipulating matter on a small scale in the range of 1-100 nm. The application of nanotechnology, particularly in vaccine science, has developed rapidly in recent years, leading to the birth of "nanovasinology". Nanotechnology is playing an increasingly important role in vaccine development, thanks to nanocarrier-based delivery systems that offer the possibility of enhancing cellular and humoral immune responses. Nanoparticle-based vaccine applications can protect vaccines from premature spoilage, increase stability, and have good adjuvant properties. NPs, with their biodegradable, minimally toxic properties, provide effective and alternative platforms to traditional vaccine methods that can be used to deliver various antigens to specific tissues and organs. Virus-like particles, liposomes, ISCOMs, polymeric inorganic nanoparticles, and emulsions; out-of-scale materials are attracting attention as potential delivery vehicles that can both stabilize vaccine antigens and act as adjuvants. The composition of the nanoparticle material plays an important role in the transport and pharmacokinetic properties of the nanoparticles, the rate of release and cellular uptake, biodegradability and biocompatibility. It is thought that nanoparticular vaccines may guide the development of vaccines for many diseases in the future, including rapidly emerging pandemics such as COVID -19 and cancers that cannot be controlled by vaccination. This review; It provides information on the physical properties of nanoparticles and nanoparticle vaccine types and reviews studies using nanoparticle-based vaccine technologies.

Keywords:

COVID-19, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, Vaccine,

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