Annelerin Bebek Beslenmesi Tutumları ve İlişkili Faktörler

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, 0-6 aylık bebeği olan annelerin bebek beslenmesi tutumlarının değerlendirilmesi ve bu tutum ile ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 18 yaş ve üstü, 0-6 aylık bebeği olan anneler dâhil edilmiştir. Katılımcılara üç bölümden oluşan çevrimiçi anket uygulanmıştır. İlk bölümde sosyodemografik özellikler ve antropometrik ölçümler sorgulanırken, ikinci bölümde Iowa Bebek Beslenmesi Tutum Ölçeği (Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale, IIFAS), üçüncü bölümde ise Edinburgh Postpartum Depresyon Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan 417 annenin yaş ortanca değeri 28 yıl, IIFAS puan ortalamaları 65,08 ± 6,83’tür. Bebek beslenmesi tutumları ile ilişkili faktörleri belirlemek için oluşturulan çoklu doğrusal regresyon modellerinde, annelerin lise ve üzeri eğitim almış olması IIFAS’ta 3,60 puan artış, gelirinin giderinden az olması ise 1,97 puan azalış ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Ayrıca IIFAS’taki 2,82 puan artış, bebeğini son 24 saatte sadece anne sütüyle besleme ile ilişkili iken, 2,09 puan azalış ise bebeğin hafif şişman olması ile ilişkilidir. Bu faktörler annede postpartum depresyon riski olup olmamasına göre incelendiğinde, risk olmayanlarda lise ve üzeri eğitim almış olmak ve son 24 saatte sadece anne sütü alımı IIFAS’ta sırasıyla 4,01 ve 2,96 puan artışla, gelirinin giderinden az olması ve bebeğin hafif şişman olması ise sırasıyla 1,69 ve 2,76 puan azalışla ilişkilidir. Bununla birlikte, depresyon riski olan annelerde IIFAS puanları ile ilişkili herhangi bir faktör saptanmamıştır. Sonuç: Annelerin bebek beslenmesi tutumu eğitim durumu, sosyoekonomik düzey, doğum haftası ve depresyon gibi birçok faktörden etkilenmektedir. Özellikle postpartum depresyon riskinin varlığı, bebek beslenmesi tutumunu tek başına olumsuz etkileyebildiği gibi diğer faktörlerin olası etkisini de değiştirebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Anne sütü, emzirme, postpartum depresyon, tutum

Attitudes of Mothers on Infant Nutrition and Affecting Factors

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the infant feeding attitudes of mothers who have infants aged 0 to 6 months and to determine the factors associated with these attitudes. Material and Method: Mothers, aged 18 years and older and who have infants aged 0 to 6 months, were included in the study. A three-part online questionnaire was applied to the participants. Sociodemographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements were asked in the first part, and in the second and third parts, the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale were applied, respectively. Results: The median age of 417 mothers participating in the study was 28 years, and their mean IIFAS score was 65.08 ± 6.83. In the multiple linear regression models created to determine the factors associated with mothers’ infant feeding attitudes, it was found that mothers’ having high school or higher level of education was associated with an increase of 3.60 points, and having income less than expenses was associated with a decrease of 1.97 points in IIFAS. In addition, an increase of 2.82 points in IIFAS is associated with feeding the infant with exclusively breast milk within the last 24 hours, while a decrease of 2.09 points is associated with infant’s being overweight. When these factors were analyzed according to whether the mother had a risk of postpartum depression or not, having high school or higher level of education and breastfeeding exclusively within the last 24 hours were associated with an increase of 4.01 and 2.96 points in IIFAS, respectively in those without depression risk. Having income less than expenses and infant’s being overweight were related to a decrease of 1.69 and 2.76 points in IIFAS, respectively. However, no factors associated with IIFAS scores were found in mothers at risk of depression. Conclusion: The infant feeding attitude of mothers is affected by many factors such as educational status, socioeconomic level, week of birth, and depression. In particular, the presence of the postpartum depression risk may negatively affect the infant feeding attitudes of mothers on its own, as well as change the possible effect of other factors.

Keywords:

Breast milk, breastfeeding, attitude, postpartum depression,

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