Kazıklı temellerin deprem performanslarının üç boyutlu sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile incelenmesi

Bu çalışmada; özellikle kayma modülleri arasında belirgin fark olan zemin tabakalarındaki zeminlerin doğrusal olmayan davranışlarının incelenebilmesi amacıyla deprem yükleri altındaki kazıklı temellerin doğrusal olmayan bir dinamik analiz işlemi başarıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın yardımıyla, deprem sarsıntıları sırasında kazıklarda meydana gelen gerilmelere, diğer yapısal ayrıntılar aynı kalırken, zemin şartlarında değişik koşulları temsil eden basitçe iki durum göz önünde bulundurularak, zemin tabakasının etkisinin çok belirgin olduğu gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sayısal sonuçlar, zayıf zemin koşullarındaki kazık tasarımlarında, yerin deformasyon davranışının etkilerini yeterince göz önünde bulundurulmasına gereksinim duyulduğunu sergilemektedir.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the seismic behavior of pile foundations

In this study a general nonlinear dynamic analysis procedure for pile foundations has been applied successfully to investigate the nonlinear behaviors of soils, being particularly large at interfaces soil layers which sharply differing shear module, under earthquake loads. Generally, long piles penetrating deep layered deposit, particularly when there is a sudden change in soil stiffness are likely to be exerted by large ground response forces. However, such as ground forces are termed simply as "ground response effects " in dynamic pile-soil interaction, which are generally neglected in the pile design practice. Investigations on damage to piles during the past earthquakes provide some basic information concerning the nature of failures in piles at locations with deep soil deposit under strong ground shaking. Remarkably significant instance of the damage is reported to have occurred at deeper parts along the pile, particularly in relatively longer piles. Evidently, the location of pile damage at the intermediate part in longer piles also tends to coincide with changes in soil layering, giving rise to stiffness contrast interface. By means of this study, considering two simple variations in soil condition, other structural details remaining the same, it is shown that the influence of soil layering on the stresses developed in piles during earthquake shaking can bevery dominant. Numerical results obtained from this study show the need for adequate consideration of the ground deformation response effects in the pile design in relatively soil conditions.

___

  • Aydınoğlu, M.N., Berilgen, M., ve Özaydın, K (2000). Depremde kazık-zemin dinamik etkileşimi, Zemin Mekaniği ve Temel Mühendisliği 8nci Ulusal Kongresi, 2000, İTÜ, İstanbul, s. 427-436.
  • Karkee, M.B., Sugimura, Y., Fujiwara, K. (1998). Design of piles considering the deformation response under the action of earthquake shaking, Proc. UJNR Workshop on Soil-Structure Interaction, Menlo Park, Calf., Sep.22-23, 1-13.
  • Kimura, M., Natsukawa, K. ve Tanaka, A., (1997). Seismic evaluation of pile foundations, Proc. 6th Intern Sympos. On Numerical Models in Geomechanics., Canada, July 2-4, pp 545-548.
  • Kulaç, F.H., Durgunoğlu, H.T., (1992). Yatay yüklü kazık analiz yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması,” Zemin Mekaniği ve Temel Mühendisliği 3ncü Ulusal Kongresi, 1992, İTÜ, İstanbul, s. 235-250.
  • Özkan, M.T., Sağlamer, A., (1995). Kazıklı Temeller, Dünya İnşaat, No. 131/7, 35-38.
  • Sadek, M. ve Shahrour, I. (2002). Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the seismic behavior of ınclined micropiles, Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, Mestat(ed.)2002, Presses de l’ENPC/LCPC, Paris.
  • Sowers, G.F. (1979). Intoductory Soil Mechancs and Foundations: Geotechnical Engineering, 4th Ed., MacMillan, New York.
  • Wakai, A., Ugai, K. (1997). Three-dimensional seismic analysis of bridge-foundation-ground system, Proc. 6th Intern Sympos. On Numerical Models in Geomechanics., Canada, July 2-4, pp 2177-2182.
  • Zheng, J. ve Takeda, T. (1995). Effects of soilstructure ınteraction on seismic response of PC cable-stayed bridge, Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 14, 427-437.