Gülsüm ŞAHİN BODUR, Alev KESER, Zeynep ŞIKLAR, Merih BERBEROĞLU

TİP 1 DİYABETLİ ADÖLESANLARIN DİYET KALİTESİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE KESİTSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Amaç: Tip 1 diyabetli adölesanların diyet kalitesi bazı bireysel faktörlere göre değişebilmektedir. Bunlar yaş, cinsiyet, sosyodemografik özellikler, yaşam tarzı alışkanlıkları ve diyabet tedavisine uyumu içerir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tip 1 diyabetli adölesanların diyet kalitesini etkileyen faktörleri incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmanın örneklemini, Temmuz 2017- Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Endokrinolojisi Anabilim Dalı’nda takip edilen tip 1 diyabetli adolesanlar oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bireylerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ‘24 saatlik fiziksel aktivite düzeyi tespit formu (kısa) ‘ile belirlenmiştir. Üç günlük besin tüketim kayıtları alınmış ve BeBis ile değerlendirilmiştir. Diyet kalitesini belirlemek için Sağlıklı Yeme İndeksi-2010 kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma, 10-19 yaş aralığında (ortalama: 14,0±2,40 yıl) 57’si erkek (%51,8), 53’ü kadın (%48,2) olmak üzere toplam 110 tip 1 diyabetli adolesan ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm bireylerin sadece %15,5’i iyi diyet kalitesine sahipti. Diyet kalitesinin cinsiyete göre dağılımı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. (p>0,05). Bireylerin egzersiz durumu, fiziksel aktivite türü ve PAL değeri değişkenlerinden oluşan doğrusal regresyon modelinde egzersiz durumu ile diyet kalitesi arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (χ2 (1,n=110)=1,392, p<0,05). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada, katılımcıların çoğunun diyet kalitelerini iyileştirmesi gerektiği ve egzersizin tip 1 diyabetli adölesanların diyet kalitesini etkilediği saptanmıştır. Buna ek olarak, hem diyabet yönetiminde hem de diyet kalitesinin iyileştirilmesinde önemli rolü olan egzersiz düzeylerinin artırılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Tip 1 diyabet, adolesanlar, diyet kalitesi, egzersiz

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING DIETARY QUALITY OF ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES

Objective: The diet quality of adolescents with type 1 diabetes is shaped by some individual factors. These include age, gender, sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and adaptation to diabetes treatment. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the diet quality of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Material and Methods: The sample in this study consisted of adolescents with type 1 diabetes who were followed in the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Ankara between July 2017-January 2018. The research data was collected using the face-to-face interview technique with a questionnaire. The physical activity levels of the individuals were determined using a ‘24-hour physical activity level detection form (short)’. Three-day food consumption records were taken and evaluated via BeBiS. The Healthy Eating Index-2010 was used to determine diet quality. Results: The study was conducted with a total of 110 adolescents (M:51.8%; F:48.2%) with type 1 diabetes in the 10-19 age range (mean age:14.0±2.40 years). Only 15.5% of all individuals have good diet quality. In a linear regression model formed by the variables of exercise status, physical activity type, and PAL value of individuals, a positive significant relationship was found between exercise status and diet quality (χ2 (1,n=110)=1.392, p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result, it was found that the majority of individuals needed to improve their diet quality and that exercise affected the diet quality of type 1 diabetic adolescents. In addition, exercise levels, which have an important role in both diabetes management and improvement of diet quality, should be increased.

Keywords:

Type 1 diabetes, adolescents, diet quality, exercise,

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