AŞIRI TURİZMDE KALABALIK YÖNETİMİ: BELEDİYELER TARAFINDAN KULLANILABİLECEK AKILLI TURİZM UYGULAMALARI

Seyahat ve turizm eğilimi, bu yüzyılın başından itibaren temel bir insan davranışı haline gelmiştir. Her yıl milyarlarca insan farklı destinasyonlara seyahat gerçekleştirmektedir. Burada bazı destinasyonlar diğerlerinden daha fazla ziyaretçi çekebilmektedir. Böylece aşırı turizm olgusu ve kalabalık yönetimi kavramı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu makale ile bu alanda belediyeler tarafından kullanılabilecek akıllı turizm uygulamaları araştırılmıştır. Akıllı turizm uygulamaları, akıllı şehir görüşüne dayanmaktadır. 21. yüzyılın getirisi olan bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri insan sermayesi ile bütünleşerek akıllı şehirleri meydana getirmektedir. Bu şehirlerde ortaya çıkan uygulamaların bazıları da turizme yönelik olmaktadır. Böylece akıllı turizm kavramı ve uygulamaları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Konuyla ilgili olarak bu çalışmanın oluşturulması sürecinde yapılan araştırma göstermektedir ki aşırı turizme bağlı yoğun ziyaretçi alan destinasyonlarda kalabalık yönetimi akıllı turizm uygulamaları ile çok daha etkin, hızlı ve geniş ölçekli yapılabilmektedir. Bu uygulamalardan bazıları yoğun teknoloji kullanımı ile yapılırken (Örneğin, Floransa-Nesnelerin İnterneti) bazıları sadece yönetsel kararlar (Örneğin, Poznan- Sezon Dışı Seyahat Teşvikleri) ile ortaya konabilmektedir. Söz konusu uygulamaların yerel sorunların çözülmesinde en yetkili aktör olan belediyeler tarafından gerçekleştirilmesi mümkündür ve önerilmektedir. Amaç: Aşırı turizme bağlı kalabalık yönetiminde belediyeler tarafından kullanılabilecek akıllı turizm uygulamalarına örnekler ortaya koymak. Yöntem/Tasarım / Metodoloji / Yaklaşım: Belgesel tarama yöntemi kullanılarak akıllı turizm uygulamalarından konuya uygun olan örnekler tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada internet siteleri, makaleler ve özel sektör uygulamaları incelenmiştir.Bulgular: Yapılan araştırma neticesinde aşırı turizme bağlı kalabalığın yönetiminde kullanılabilecek akıllı turizm uygulamaları olduğu görülmüştür. Bu uygulamaların da belediyeler tarafından gerçekleştirilebileceği tespit edilmiştir. Özgünlük: Günümüzde yeni bir kavram olan akıllı turizm açısından kalabalık yönetimi uygulamalarını ele alması ve bunlardan belediyeler tarafından kullanılabilecekleri tespit etmesi bakımından alana katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Daha önce bu temelde bir çalışma olmadığı yapılan literatür incelemesinde görülmüştür.

Crowd Management in Over Tourism: Smart Tourism Applications That Can Be Used By Municipalities

The inclination of travelling and tourism has become a basic human behavior since the beginning of this century. Billions of people travel to different destinations every year. Here, some destinations can attract more visitors than others. Thus, the concept of over-tourism and crowd management emerges. With this article, smart tourism applications that can be used by municipalities in this field have been investigated. Smart tourism applications are based on smart city vision. Information and communication technologies, which are the effect of the 21st century, integrate with human capital and create smart cities. Some of the practices emerging in these cities are also oriented towards tourism. Thus, the concept and applications of smart tourism arise. The research conducted during the creation of this study on the subject shows that; crowd management can be done much more effectively, quickly and on a large scale with smart tourism applications in destinations that receive visitors due to over tourism. While some of these applications are made with intensive use of technology (for example, Floransa-The Internet of Things), some of them can only be determined by managerial decisions (for example Poznan-Off-season Travel Incentives). It is possible and recommended that these applications should be carried out by the municipalities, which are the most competent actors in solving local problems. Purpose: To present examples of smart tourism applications that can be used by municipalities in crowd management due to over tourism.Method/Design/Methodology/Approach: Documentary screening method was used to detect examples of smart tourism applications of developed countries that are suitable for the subject. In the research, websites, articles and private sector applications were examined. Findings: As a result of the research, it has been observed that there are smart tourism applications that can be used in crowd management due to over tourism. It has been determined that these applications can also be used by municipalities. Originality: Can contribute to the field in terms of identifying smart applications that can be used by municipalities. It was seen in the literature review that there was no previous study on this basis.

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