THE CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT STATUS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE JOB SATISFACTION OF ACADEMICS WITHIN SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES OF TECHNOLOGY

THE CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT STATUS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE JOB SATISFACTION OF ACADEMICS WITHIN SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES OF TECHNOLOGY

South African higher education has gone through numerous changes in terms of restructuring and transformation. Rapid changes of this nature, within the higher education system, necessitate alternative work arrangements, which have potential negative effects on job satisfaction of academics. Research on the contracts of employment of academic staff in the context of developing countries such as South Africa has remained scarce. The primary purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between the status of the contract of employment and job satisfaction. Data were analysed from 494 (n) academics within South African universities of technology. Correlation analysis was used to establish the relationship between the status of the contract of employment and job satisfaction. A negative correlation between the status of the contract and job satisfaction was observed. Significant differences were found between the status of the contract and job satisfaction. The results showed that those who are permanently employed experience high levels of job satisfaction and those who have fixed-term and temporary contracts experience lower levels of job satisfaction. This study concludes by discussing managerial implications of the results. Limitations and implication for further research are explored

___

  • Ang, S., Van Dyne, L. & Begley, T.M (2003), “The Employment Relationships of
  • Foreign Workers versus Local Employees: A Field Study of Organizational Justice, Job Satisfaction, Performance and OCB”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp.561-583. Bendix, S (2010), Labour Relations in Practice: An Outcomes-Based Approach. Cape Town: Juta.
  • Bernhard-Oettel, C., Sverke, M. and De Witte, H (2005), “Comparing three alternative types of employment with permanent full-time work: how do employment contract and perceived job conditions relate to health complaints?”
  • Work & Stress, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp.301-318. Blanchard, O., & Landiar, A (2002), “The perverse effects of partial labour market reform: fixed-term contracts in France”, The Economic Journal, Vol. 112, No. 480, pp.214-224.
  • Boockmann, B., & Hagen, T (2008), “Fixed-term contracts as sorting mechanisms: evidence from job durations in West Germany”, Labour Economics, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp.984-1005.
  • Booth, A.J., Francesconi, M., & Frank, J (2002), “Temporary jobs: a stepping stone or dead ends”, The Economic Journal, Vol. 112, No. 480, pp.189-213.
  • Bryson, C (2004), “The consequences for women in the academic profession of the widespread use of fixed-term contracts”, Gender and Work Organization, Vol. , No. 2, pp.187-206.
  • Carre, F.J (2000), Nonstandard work: the nature and challenges of the changing employment arrangements, Urbana: Cornell University Press.
  • Collins, H (1986), Market power, bureaucratic power and the contract of employment. Indus, LJ, 15:1.
  • Council of Higher Education (2012), Higher Education in South Africa,
  • , [Accessed: 29.10.2012].
  • De Cuyper, N., & De Witte, H (2006), “Autonomy and workload among temporary workers: their effects on job satisfaction, organisational commitment, life satisfaction and self-rated performance”, International Journal of Stress
  • Management, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp.441-459. De Cuyper, N., & De Witte, H (2007), “Job insecurity in temporary versus permanent workers: associations with attitudes, well-being and behaviour”, Work & Stress, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp.65-84.
  • De Cuyper, N., De Jong, J., De Witte, H., Isaksson, K., Rigotti, T., & Schalk, R (2008), “Literature review of theory and research on the psychological impact of temporary employment: towards a conceptual model”, International Journal of
  • Management Reviews, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp.1-20. De Witte, H., & Naswall, K (2003), “Objective vs subjective job insecurity: consequences of temporary work for job satisfaction and organizational commitment in four European countries”, Economic and Industrial Democracy, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp.149-188.
  • Deakin, S (2000), The many futures of the contract of employment, ESRC Center for Business Research: University of Cambridge.
  • Du Plessis, J., Fouche, M., & Van Wyk, M (2002), A practical guide to labour law. (5 edition) Durban: Butterworth Publishers. th
  • Enders, J., & Teichler, U (1997), A victim of their own success? Employment and working conditions of academic staff in comparative perspective. Higher Education, 34, 347-372.
  • Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A., & van Praag, B. M (2006), Insecurity in the labour market: the impact of the type of contract on job satisfaction in Spain and Netherlands.
  • Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam. Forde, C., & Slater, G (2006), “The nature and experience of agency working in
  • Britain: what are the challenges for human resource management?” Personnel Review, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp.141-157. Goudswaard, A., & Andries, F (2002), Employment status and working conditions. Luxembourg: office for official publications of the European Communities.
  • Grogan, J (2007), Dismissal, discrimination and unfair labour practices. Cape Town: Juta.
  • Grossett, M (2002), Discipline and dismissal. (2nd ed) Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
  • Hall, R (2006), “Temporary agency work and HRM in Australia: cooperation, specialisation and satisfaction for the good of all”, Personnel Review, Vol. 35, No. , pp.158-174.
  • Jawando, J.O., & Adenugba, A.A (2014), “Assessing the patterns of temporary employment in the food processing Industry in Lagos, Nigeria”, Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. 1, No. 18, pp.1-18.
  • Kalleberg, A.L (2000), “Non-standard employment relations: part-time, temporary and contract work”, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 26, pp.341-365.
  • Kim, I.H., Paek, D.M. & Cho, S.I (2005), “Does non-standard work affect health?”, Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp.337-344.
  • Krahn, H (1991), “Non-standard work arrangements”, Perspective on Labour and Income, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp.1-12.
  • Malhotra, N.K (2010), Marketing research: an applied orientation. (6th ed). New
  • Jersey, NJ: Prentice-Hall. McDonald, D.J., & Makin, P.J (2000), “The psychological contract, organizational commitment and job satisfaction of temporary staff”, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.84-91.
  • McGinnity, F., Mertens, A., & Gundert, S (2005), “A bad start? Fixed-term contracts and the transition from education to work in West Germany”, European
  • Sociological Review, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp.359-374. Noroozi, A., Ghofranipour, F., Heydarnia, A.R., Nabipour, I., & Amin, F (2010),
  • “Validity and reliability of the social support scale for exercise behaviour in diabetic women”, Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, Vol. 23, pp.730-741. Ntisa, A.A (2015), Job satisfaction, organisational commitment, turnover intention, absenteeism and work performance amongst academics within South
  • African universities of technology. DTech. Thesis. Vanderbijlpark. VUT. Nunnally, J.C., & Bernstein, I.H (1994), Psychometric theory. (3rd ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Origo, F., & Pagani, L (2009), “Flexibility and job satisfaction in Europe: the importance of perceived and actual job stability for well-being at work”, Labour Economics, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp.547-555.
  • Republic of South Africa (2014), Labour relations amendment bill. [On line].
  • Available at: Accessed: 15/01/2015.
  • Robbins, S.P (1989), Organizational behaviour: concepts, controversies and applications. (8 ed). New Jersey: Pearson Education. th
  • Simon, H.A (1951), “A formal theory of the employment relationship”, Journal of the Econometric Society, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp.293-305.
  • Smith, P.C., Kendall, L.M., & Hulin, C.L (1969), The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement. Chicago: Rand McNally & Company.
  • Spector, P.E (1997), Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Causes and Consequences, Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Tansey, O (2007), “Process tracing and elite interviewing: a case for non- probability sampling”, Political Science and Politics, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp.765-772.
  • Volkwein, J.F., & Zhou, Y (2003), “Testing a model of administrative job satisfaction”, Research in Higher Education, Vol. 44, No. 22, pp.149-171.
  • Welman, J. and Kruger, S (2002), Research Methodology, (2nd ed), Cape Town:
  • Oxford University Press. Wooden, M., & Warren, D (2003), The characteristics of casual and fixed-term employment: evidence from the HILDA survey. Melbourne: The University of Melbourne.
  • Wooden, M., & Warren, D (2004), “Non-standard employment and job satisfaction: evidence from the Hilda survey”, The Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 275-297.