Pat WİLLİAMS-BOYD, Mary Margaret SWEETEN

FREEWAY SEGREGATION, COMMUNITY SCHOOLS AND THE URBAN POOR

Although the charge to educate all United States students equitably is decades old, the reality of good schools particularly in high poverty urban settings is sporadic and random, born of acts of individual honor rather than norms of consistent excellence. High poverty urban schools present a contextual layering of challenges that coupled with the changes in economics, politics and demographics suggest that alone, schools cannot meet the needs presented by the most vulnerable students and families. However, collaboratively integrating the work of health and human service agencies, businesses and faith-based organizations, the nonacademic barriers to learning students experience can be removed. Using an ecological framework, this paper will examine aspects of two national community school models being used in conjunction with Detroit Public Schools, an urban center which has been characterized as rife with racial division, distrust and deeply-held animosity

Keywords:

poverty urban schools, community schools,

PDF

___

Bierman, Karen L., John D. Cole, Kenneth A. Dodge, Mark T. Greenberg, John E. Lochman and Robert J. McMahon (1992), “A Developmental and Clinical Model for the prevention of Conduct Disorder: The FAST-TRACK Program”,
Development and Psychopathology, Vol. 4, pp. 509-527. Business and Legal Reports Student Life (2008), Teens and Gangs, http://www.hopefs.org/behavior/TeensandGangs.html, [Accessed 7.29.2008].
Center on the Developing Child (2010) “Persistent Fear and Anxiety Can Affect
Young Children’s Learning and Development” National Scientific Council on the Developing Child Working Paper 9. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. Communities http://www.cisdetroit.orgloverviewz.htm#capabilities, [Accessed 9.12.2010]. School (2005), Communities In Schools,
Communities In Schools (2010), Newsletter of Communities In Schools of Detroit,
Washington, DC: The Urban Institute. Crowe, Timothy (1991), Habitual Offenders: Guidelines for Citizen Action and Public Responses. Washington D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention,
Department of Justice. U. S. Farmer, Thomas (2000), “The Social Dynamics of Aggressive and Disruptive
Behavior in School: Implications for Behavior Consultation”, Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, Vol. 11, No. 3&4, pp., 299-321. Kutash, Krista and Albert J. Duchnowski (1997), “Create Comprehensive and Collaborative Systems”, Journal of emotional and Behavioral Disorders, Vol. 5, pp. 66-75.
Lessenberry, Jack (2010), Detroit Public School Crisis, Metro Times, http://metrotimes.com/news/story.asp?id=13589, [Accessed 10.8.2010].
Lippman, Laura and Shelley Burns (Eds.) (1996), Urban Schools: The Challenge of Location and Poverty, Washington, DC: National Center for Educational Statistics.
Martin, Elizabeth Anne (2011), Detroit and the Great Migration 1916-1929,
Bentley.umich.edu/research/publications/migration/ch1.php Mayer, G. Roy (1995), “Preventing Antisocial Behavior in the Schools”, Journal of the Applied Behavior Analysis, Vol. 28, pp. 467-478.
Mead, Sara and Andrew Rotherham (2007), “A New Deal for Urban Public Schools”, http://www.hlpronline.com/2007/04/rotherham_mead_01.html Law and Policy Review Online
Reid, John (1993), “Prevention of Conduct disorder Before and After School
Entry: Relating Interventions and Developmental Findings”, Development and Psychopathology, Vol. 5 No. 1 & 2, pp. 243-262. Seelye, Katherine (2011), Detroit Census Confirms a Desertion Like No Other, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/23/us/23/detroit, [Accessed7.28.2011].
Sprague, Jeffrey and Hill Walker (2000),”Early Identification and Intervention for
Youth with Antisocial and Violent Behavior”, Exceptional Children, Vol. 66, No. , online, http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Exceptional&children/2000/March/22- p.520-88 [Accessed 8.6.2011]
Sugrue, Thomas (2011), Automobile in American Life and Society, http://www.autolife.umd.umich.edu/Race/R_Overview/r_Overview.htm, Accessed 4.29.2011]
Thompson, Heather A. (2001), Whose Detroit? Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
United States Bureau of the Census (2010), Census Statistics 2010, http://www.2010.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ [Accessed 8.4.2010]