Türkiye florası Hypericum taksonları ve endemik bir tür olan H. heterophyllum Vent.'deki morfo-agronomik özelliklerin popülasyon içi varyasyonu

Hypericum L., Clusiaceae (= Guttiferae) ailesinin bir üyesidir. Türkiye florasında 49'u endemik olmak üzere Hypericum' un 98 türü ve 119 taksonu bulunmaktadır. Endemizm oranı ise %41.18'dir. Bu türlerin bir kısmı Türkiye'de geleneksel tedavide infüzyon, dekoksiyon, oleat veya merhem şeklinde çeşitli hastalıklarda harici/dahili olarak kullanılmaktadır. H. heteropyhllum kurak, taşlı veya kayalık kalkerli alanlarda yetişen endemik bir türdür. Bu çalışmada tam çiçeklenme döneminde ortalama bitki boyu ve dal sayısı sırasıyla 52.48±10.65 cm ve 7.85±3.01 olarak belirlenmiştir. Oval şekilli tohumların ortalama uzunluğu ve genişliği ise 2.3220±0.1524 mm ve 0.7933 ± 0.0755 mm olarak belirlenmiştir. Bitkinin tohumları çok küçüktür ve 1000 tohumun ortalama tohum ağırlığı 0.75975±0.0300 gr'dır. En yüksek yaş herba ağırlığı (587±251.91 g/bitki) tam çiçeklenme döneminde toplanan bitkilerden elde edilmiştir. Doğal ortamlarında bitkiler üzerinde yapılan ölçümlerde özellikle bitki boyu ve ana dal sayısında geniş bir varyasyon gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bitki boyu, Çiçeklenme, Hypericum heteropyhllum, tohum

Hypericum taxa of Turkey's flora and intra-population variation of morpho-agronomic traits in H. heterophyllum Vent., an endemic species

Hypericum L. belongs to the Clusiaceae (= Guttiferae) family. There are 98 species or 119 taxa of Hypericum, 49 of which are endemic in Turkey Flora, and the endemism ratio is 41.18%. Some of these species are used in various diseases externally/internally in the form of infusion, decoction, oleate or ointment in traditional treatment in Turkey. H. heteropyhllum is an endemic species that grows in arid, stony or rocky calcareous areas. In our study, the average plant height and number of branches were determined as 52.48±10.65 cm and 7.85±3.01, respectively in full flowering stage. The average length and width of the oval shaped seeds was 2.3220±0.1524 mm and 0.7933±0.0755 mm, respectively. Seeds of the plant is very small and average seed weight of 1000 seeds is 0.75975±0.0300 g. The highest fresh herb weight (587±251.91 g/plant) was obtained from plants collected at full flowering. The wide variation was observed especially in plant height and number of main branches in the measurements made on plants in the natural area.

Keywords:

Flowering herbage, Hypericum heteropyhllum, plant height, seed,

PDF

___

Acikgoz N, Ilker E, Gokcol A, 2004. Biyolojik Araştırmaların Bilgisayarda Değerlendirilmeleri. Meta Basım Yayım, İzmir-Turkiye.
Afshari H, Eftekhari M, Faraji M, Ghaffar EA, Ghanbarimalidareh A, 2011. Studying the effect of 1000 grain weight on the sprouting of different species of Salvia L. grown in Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research (16): 3991-3993.
Anonymous, 2019. Turkish Plants Data Service, http://tubives.com. (Date of access 04 February 2019)
Anonymous, 2020. Turkish State Meteorological Service, http://mgm.gov.tr/forecast-cities.aspx. (Date of access 6 March 2020)
Badi HN, Yazdani D, Ali SM, Nazari F, 2004. Effect of spacing and harvesting time on herbage yield and quality/quantity of oil in thyme, Thymus vulgaris L. Industrial Crops and Products 19: 231-236.
Bisht IS, Mahajan RK, Loknathan TR, Agrawal RC, 1998. Diversity in Indian sesame collection and stratification of germplasm accessions in different diversity groups. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 45: 325-335.
Camas N, Radusiene J, Stanius Z, Caliskan O, Cirak C, 2012. Secondary metabolites of Hypericum leptophyllum Hochst., an endemic Turkish species. The Scientific World Journal 2012.
Chauhan NK, Sing S, Haider SZ, Lohani H, 2013. Influence of phonological stages on yield and quality of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) under the agroclimatic condition of Doon Valley (Uttarakhand). Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 75: 489-493.
Crockett SL, Robson NKB, 2011. Taxonomy and Chemotaxonomy of the Genus Hypericum. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology 5: 1-13.
Davis PH, 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh-Scotland.
Guner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babac MT, 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul-Türkiye.
ISTA, 1993. International Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf-Switzerland.
IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Gland-Switzerland and Cambridge- United Kingdom.
Liu CJ, 1997. Geographical distribution of genetic variation in Stylosanthes sacbra revealed by RAPD analysis. Euphytica 98:21-27.
Man PS, 2010. Introductory Statistics. John Willey and Sons Inc., North Carolina-United States of America.
Nürk NM, Crockett SL, 2011. Morphological and phytochemical diversity among Hypericum species of the Mediterranean basin. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology 5:14-28.
Ozkan EE, Mat A, 2013. An overview on Hypericum species of Turkey. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy 5: 38-46.
Robson NKB, 1996. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae). 6. Sections 20. Myriandra to Elodes. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 26(2): 75–217.
Robson NKB, 2001. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae). 4(1). Sections 7. Roscyna to 9. Hypericum sensu lato (part 1). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 31(2): 37-88.
Solomon D, Adams J, Graves N, 2013. Economic evaluation of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) for the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 148: 228-234.
Taghi Khan H, Kirci S, 2018. Investigation of domestication, active ingredients and antioxidant activity of Origanum micranthum Vogel. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 35: 113-122.
Tosun M, Sagsoz S, 1995. Somaklonal varyasyon ve bitki ıslahı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 26: 400-411.
Verma KS, ul HAq S, Kachhwaha S, Kothari SL, 2017. RAPD and ISSR marker assessment of genetic diversity in Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad: a unique source of germplasm highly adapted to drought and high-temperature stress. Biotech 7: 288.