Dr. Pınar ARIDICI KARA, Mehmet Rifat ULUSOY

Farklı Sıcaklık Koşullarında Drosophila suzukii Matsumura 1931 (Diptera: Drosophilidae)’nin Gelişim Süreleri ile Tercih Ettiği Meyve Olgunluk Döneminin Belirlenmesi

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura 1931 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) yumuşak dokulu meyvelere zarar veren önemli bir karantina zararlısıdır. Hızlı yayılma gücüne sahip olan zararlı ile etkin mücadelenin temelini zararlının biyolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle 2019 yılında ele alınan çalışmada D. suzukii’nin gelişme süreleri altı sabit (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 ve 35±1 °C), iki değişken (15/25 ve 25/35±1 °C) sıcaklık, %65±10 oransal nem ve 16:8 (Aydınlık: Karanlık) ışıklanma koşullarına sahip iklimlendirme odalarında belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda D. suzukii’nin tercih ettiği meyve olgunluk döneminin belirlenmesi çalışması da (25±1 °C) sabit sıcaklıkta %65±10 oransal nem ve 16:8 (Aydınlık: Karanlık) ışıklanma koşullarına sahip iklim dolabında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda 10 °C’de 33-38, 15 °C’de 18-23, 20 °C’de 12-14, 25 °C’de 8-9 ve 15/25 °C’de 13-20 günde D. suzukii yumurtadan ergin hale gelirken, 30, 35 ve 25/35 °C sıcaklıklarda biyolojikbir gelişme görülmemiştir. Diğer taraftan D. suzukii’nin meyveyi tercih ettiği olgunluk dönemini belirlemek amacı ile kiraz meyvesinin yeşil/ sarı / kırmızı / koyu kırmızı gibi farklı fenolojik dönemlerinde tercihli ve tercihsiz olarak deneme kurulmuştur. Tercihli olarak kurulan denemede kırmızı meyve döneminde %60, koyu kırmızı meyve döneminde %90 oranında vuruk tespit edilirken, tercihsiz olarak kurulan denemede ise kırmızı meyve döneminde % 60 oranında, koyu kırmızı meyve döneminde %80 oranında vuruk tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca her iki denemede de yeşil ve sarı dönemde vuruk gözlenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak D. suzukii gelişimini sıcaklık faktörünün etkilediği ve meyveyi kırmızı dönem ile koyu kırmızı dönemde tercih ettiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Drosophila suzukii, sıcaklık, gelişme süresi, meyve olgunluk dönemi tercihi, Türkiye

Determination of Development Periods and Preferred Fruit Maturity Period of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura 1931 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) at Different Temperature Conditions

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura 1931 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an important quarantine pest that damages soft tissue fruits. Determining the biological characteristics of the pest is the main element of effective control with the pest, which has the ability to spread rapidly. Therefore, in the study discussed in 2019, the development of D. suzukii was determined by six constant (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35±1 °C), two variable (15/25 and 25/35±1 °C) temperatures. , 65±10% relative humidity and 16:8 (Light: Dark) lighting conditions were determined in air-conditioning rooms. At the same time, the study of determining the preferred fruit maturity period of D. suzukii was carried out at a constant temperature (25±1 °C) in a climate cabinet with 65±10% relative humidity and 16:8 (Light: Dark) lighting conditions. As a result of the study, D. suzukii from egg to adult at 33-38 days at 10 °C, 18-23 days at 15 °C, 12-14 days at 20 °C, 8-9 days at 25 °C and 13-20 days at 15/25 °C has become. However, no development was observed in their biological stages at 30, 35 and 25/35 °C. On the other hand, in order to determine the maturity period in which D. suzukii prefers the fruit, the experiment was established with and without preference in different phenological periods of the cherry fruit such as green / yellow / red / dark red. In the preferential set-up trial, 60% of the red fruit stage and 90% of the dark red fruit stage were found to be rough, and in the non-preferential set-up trial, 60% of the red fruit stage and 80% of the dark red fruit stage were determined. In addition, no damage was observed in the green and yellow periods in both experiments. As a result, in the development of D. suzukii, temperature is important factor and it has been determined that the fruit is preferred in the red period and the dark red period.

Keywords:

Drosophila suzukii, temperature, development period, fruit maturity period preference, Turkey,

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