Aktif Güç Filtresi ile Akım Harmonikleri, Reaktif Güç Kompanzasyonu ve Etkili Güç Akışı için Geliştirilmiş Bir Kontrol Yöntemi

İndüktörler, kapasitörler, transformatörler, doğrultucular, kesintisiz güç kaynakları, elektrikli makineleri ve flüoresan lambalar gibi çeşitli konut yükleri, güç faktörünün bozulmasına ve harmoniklere neden olmaktadırlar. Elektrik güç sistemlerine bağlı reaktif yükler, ana şebekedeki akım/güç kalitesini ve güç faktörünü azaltan reaktif güç üretmektedirler. Bu nedenle, istikrarlı ve güvenilir bir elektrik şebekesi için yeterli reaktif güç sağlanması gerekir. Bu bağlamda, bu makalede üç fazlı şönt aktif güç filtresi (ŞAGF) ile farklı yüklerin harmonik etkilerinin ortadan kaldırılması, reaktif güç kompanzasyonun ve etkili bir şekilde reaktif güç akışını sağlanması için geliştirilmiş bir kontrol yöntemi önerilmiştir. Önerilen kontrol yönteminin performans sonuçları, dirençli-kapasitif doğrusal yük (D-KDY), dirençli-endüktif doğrusal yük (D-EDY), doğrusal olmayan yük (DOY) ve yüksek endüktif DOY gibi kapsamlı durum çalışmaları altında incelenmiş ve geleneksel kontrol yöntemi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Önerilen kontrol yöntemi ile yüksek bir güç faktörü sağlamak için ana şebekeden güç çekmeden ŞAGF yeterli reaktif güç sağlamaktadır. Çeşitli durum çalışmaları, önerilen kontrol yöntemi şebeke akımı ve gerilimi arasındaki faz uyumsuzluğunu azaltabileceğini ve şebeke akımı harmoniklerini azaltabileceğini göstermektedir. Farklı yük grupları etkisi altında, önerilen kontrol yöntemi ile yaklaşık 0.99 güç faktörü değeri elde edilirken geleneksel kontrol yöntemi ile 0.79 ve 0.81 gibi daha düşük güç faktörü değerleri elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca önerilen kontrol yöntemi ile farklı harmonik yüklerin etkisi ortadan kaldırılarak akım harmoniklerinin THB’ si %1.0 seviyesinin altına düşürülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

reaktif güç, aktif güç filtresi, harmonik kompanzasyonu, endüktif ve kapasitif yükler

An Improved Control Method for Current Harmonics, Reactive Power Compensation and Effective Power Flow with Active Power Filter

Various residential loads such as inductors, capacitors, transformers, rectifiers, uninterruptible power supplies, electrical machines and fluorescent lights result in power factor deterioration and harmonics. Reactive loads linked to the electrical power systems produce reactive power, which declines the current/power quality and power factor in the main network. Therefore, adequate reactive power is required to provide a stable and reliable electric grid. In this paper, an improved control method is proposed to eliminate harmonic effects of different loads, to provide reactive power compensation and effective reactive power flow with a three-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF). The performance results of the proposed control method is examined and compared with the conventional control under comprehensive case studies such as resistive-capacitive linear load (R-CLL), resistive-inductive linear load (R-ILL), non-linear load (NLL) and highly inductive NLL. With the proposed control method, the SAPF supplies adequate reactive power without being drawn power from the main grid to provide a high power factor. Various case studies indicate that the proposed control method can decrease phase discrepancy between grid current and voltage as well as reduce grid current harmonics. Under the impact of different load groups, approximately 0.99 power factor values have been obtained by the proposed control method, while lower power factor values such as 0.79 and 0.81 have been obtained by the conventional control method. In addition, with the proposed control method, the effect of different harmonic loads has been eliminated and the THB of current harmonics has been reduced below 1.0%.

Keywords:

Reactive power, active power filter, harmonic compensation, inductive and capacitive loads,

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