Üretimin su ayak izinin incelenmesi: Diyarbakır ili için bir vaka çalışması

Hızlı kentleşme, kişi başına düşen su tüketiminin artması ve gelişen endüstriye paralel olarak su kirliliğinin artması, bölgesel su kaynakları üzerinde daha etkili ölçüm, yönetim ve karar mekanizmalarının işleme alınmasını gerekli kılmıştır. Su ayak izi (SA) kavramı, özellikle su kaynakları yönetimine destek sağlamak için ekolojik ve karbon ayak izlerine benzer şekilde son yıllarda literatüre kazandırılan yeni bir parametredir. Herhangi bir alan veya ürünün su ayak izi, üretim süreci boyunca doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak işleme alınan veya kirletilen su kaynaklarının toplam hacmini ifade eder. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, 2008-2019 yılları arasında Diyarbakır ilinde tarım, hayvancılık, endüstriyel üretim ve evsel kullanımından kaynaklanan mavi ve yeşil su ayak izlerinin detaylı olarak analiz edilmesidir. Buna göre, bölgenin ortalama SA değeri 3,43 milyar m3/yıl olarak hesaplamıştır. İl genelindeki su kaynaklarının büyük çoğunluğunun % 86’lık bir oranla tarımsal ürünlerin yetiştirilmesinde kullanıldığı, mevcut taze suyun % 49’unun yüzey ve yeraltı suyundan tedarik edildiği ve kurak sezonda bu oranın % 62’ye kadar yükseldiği tespit edilmiştir. İlde yetiştirilen tarımsal ürünlerin sanal su muhtevaları ve toplam su kullanımları ayrıca hesaplanmış ve tartışılmıştır. Mevcut çalışma, ülkemizde yapılan ilk bölgesel SA analizlerinden biri olup, tarımsal planlama, evsel ve endüstriyel su tahsisi, atık yönetimi ve su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliği gibi konularda katkıda bulunması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Su ayak izi, Diyarbakır, mavi su, evapotranspirasyon, bitkisel üretim

Assessment of water footprint of production: A case study for Diyarbakır province

Rapid urbanization, increasing per capita water consumption and pollution together with the developing industry necessitated to process more effective measurement, management and decision mechanisms on regional water resources. The concept of water footprint (WF) is a new parameter that has been introduced to the literature in recent years similar to the ecological and carbon footprints to support water resource management works. The WF of any field or product refers to the total volume of water resources that is processed or contaminated directly or indirectly during the production process. The main purpose of this study is to analyze blue and green water footprints of agricultural, livestock, industrial production and domestic use in Diyarbakır province for 2008-2019. Accordingly, the average WF value of the study area was calculated to be 3.43 billion m3/year. The majority of the water resources in the province corresponding 86 % of all water resources is used for the cultivation of agricultural products. Also, 49 % of freshwater was supplied from surface and ground water which increases up to 62 % in dry season. The virtual water contents and water utilization of agricultural products were also calculated and discussed. The current study is one of the first regional WF analyzes performed in Turkey and it is expected to contribute to agricultural planning, domestic and industrial water allocation, waste management and sustainability works of water resources.

Keywords:

Water footprint, Diyarbakır, blue water, evapotranspiration, crop production,

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