DETERMINATION AND REMOVAL OF COPPER IONS (CU2+) IN THE WASTE ELECTROLYTE IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL MACHINING APPLICATION

Water treatment methods, as part of the peripheral units of a novel electrochemical machining device, were investigated with the aim of preparing the electrolyte, which was contaminated with heavy metal ions after machining of copper work pieces, for refeeding back to the system. Electrochemical machining (ECM) depends on machining the surface of a metal piece by ionization and removal of metal ions from the work area via the electrolyte. Removal of heavy metal ions in industrial waters and treatment of these waters for reuse is crucial in terms of increasing system efficiency and protecting environmental health. In this study, the ion exchange method was selected and a three-step application is proposed for the treatment of the electrolyte contaminated with copper ions after ECM. As the ion-exchanger, a paper filter was used in the first step, a natural zeolite with wide reserves in Turkey was used in the second step, and a polymer based cation exchange Lewatit TP 207 resin was used in the final step. Purification of the electrolyte, contaminated with copper ions, was achieved at 40 % as a result of treatment with the zeolite for two hours, at 90 % as a result of filtering three times using the paper filters, and at 100 % after treatment with the Lewatit TP 207 resin.

PDF

___

1. Minczewski, J., Chwastowska, J. ve Dybczynski, D., Separation andPreconcentration Methods, in Inorganic Trace Analysis, E. Horwood, Chichester, 1982.
2. Mizuike, A., Enrichment Techniques for Inorganic Trace Analysis, Springer, Berlin, 1981.
3. Ivanova, E., Benkhedda, K. ve Adams, F., "Determination of Copper, Manganese and Nickel in Biological Samples and Sea-Water by Flow Injection On-line Sorption Preconcentration in a Knotted Reactor Coupled with Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry", J. Anal. At. Spect., Cilt 13, 527531, 1998.
4. Yeager, H. L. ve Steck, A., "Ion-Exchange Selectivity and Metal Ion Separations with a Perfluorinated Cation-Exchange Polymer", Analytical Chemistry, Cilt 51, No 7, 862-865, 1979.
5. Bruhn, C.G., Vilches, C. ve Cid, H.J., "Optimization of Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Preconcentration by FlowInjection On-line Sorbent Extraction of Cadmium and Lead in Biological Materials", Boletin Soc. Chilena Quimica, Cilt 44, 321335, 1999.
6. Divrikli, U., Soylak, M. ve Elci, L., "Determination of Chromium by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Following Coprecipitation with Cerium (IV) Hydroxide", 3rd Mediterranean Basin Conference on Analytical Chemistry, Antalya-Turkey, 145, 49 Haziran 2000.
7. Blöcher, C., Dorda, J., Mavrov, V., Chmiel, H., Lazaridis, N.K. ve Matis, K.A., "Hybrid flotationmembrane filtration process for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater", Water Research, Cilt 37, 4018-4026, 2003.
8. Soylak, M., Saracoglu, S., Elci, L. ve Dogan, M., "Determination of Trace Metals Ions in Seawater by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry After Separation/Preconcentration with Calmagite on Amberlite XAD-1180", Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., Cilt 82, No 4, 225231, 2002.
9. Soylak, M. ve Elci, L., "Preconcentration and Separation of Trace Metal Ions from Sea Water Samples by Sorption on Amberlite XAD-16 after Complexation with Sodium Diethyl Dithiocarbamate", Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem.,Cilt 66, No 1, 51-59, 1997.
10. Bag, H., Elci, A. ve Elci, L., "Determination of Lead, Iron, Manganese and Zinc in Sea Water Samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Preconcentration with Chromosorb 105", Eurasian Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Cilt 1, No 1, 42-54, 2006.
11. Narin, İ., Soylak M., Elci, L., Dogan, M., "Separation and Enrichment of Chromium, Copper, Nickel and Lead in Surface Seawater Samples on a Column Filled with Amberlite XAD-2000", Analytical Letters, Cilt 34, No 11, 19351947, 2001.
12. Babel, S. ve Kurniawan, T.A., "Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: a review", Journal of Hazardous Materials, Cilt 97, 219243, 2003.
13. Young-Hoon, J., Si-Hyun, D., Yoon-Seok J., ve Sung-Ho K., "The Removal of Metal Ions (Cu2+ and Zn2+) using Waste-reclaimed Adsorbent for Plating Wastewater Treatment", Process Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, San Francisco, USA, Cilt 2, 691-695, 20-22 Ekim 2010.
14. Erdem, E., Karapinar, N. ve Donat, R., "The removal of heavy metal cations by natural zeolites", Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Cilt 280, 309314, 2004.
15. Frew, R.G. ve Pickering, W. F., "The Sorption of Metal Slats by Filter Paper", J. Chromatog., Cilt 47, 86-91, 1970.
16. Hocheng, H., Sun, Y.H., Lin, S.C. ve Kao, P.S., "A material removal analysis of electrochemical machining using flat-end cathode", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Cilt 140, 264 268, 2003.
17. Bhattacharyya, B., Mitra, S. ve Boro, A.K., "Electrochemical machining: new possibilities for micromachining", Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Cilt18, 283289, 2002.
18. Bhattacharyya, B. ve Munda, J., "Experimental investigation into electrochemical micromachining (EMM) process", International Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Cilt 140, 287 291, 2003.
19. Ozerkan, H.B., Cogun, C., Development and experimental investigation of electrochemical drilling method using rotary tube tool , Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, Cilt 28, No 4, 885-895, 2013.
20. Onel, S., Investigation and application of automatic controlled electrochemical machining (ECM), Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, Cilt 29, No 1, 1-8, 2014.
21. Rajurkar, K.P., Zhu, D. ve Wei, B., "Minimization of machining allowance in electrochemical machining", Annals of the CIRP, Cilt 47, No 1, 165-168, 1997.
22. Yeager, H.L. ve Steck, A., "Ion-exchange selectivity and metal ion separations with a perfluorinated cation-exchange polymer", Analytical Chemistry, Cilt 51, No. 7, 862865, 1979.
23. Rajurkar, K.P., Sundaram M.M., Malshe A.P., "Review of Electrochemical and Electrodischarge Machining", Procedia CIRP, No.6, 13-26, 2013.
24. Gode, F. ve Pehlivan, E., "A comparative study of two chelating ion-exchange resins for the removal of chromium (III) from aqueous solution", Journal of Hazardous Materials,Cilt 100, 231 243, 2003.
25. Cheng-Chien, W., Chia-Yuan C. ve Chuh-Yung C., "Study on metal ion adsorption of bifunctional chelating/ion-exchange resins", Macromol. Chem. Phys., Cilt 202, No 6, 882-890, 2001.
26. De Silva, A.K.M., Altena, H.S.J. ve McGeough, J.A., "Precision ECM by process characteristic modelling", Ann. CIRP., Cilt 49, No 1, 151155, 2000.
27. Bhattacharyya, B., Munda, J. ve Malapati, M., "Advancement in electrochemical micromachining", International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, Cilt 44, 15771589, 2004.
28. Zhiyong, L. ve Zongwei N., "Process parameter optimization and experimental study of microholes in Electrochemical Micromachining using pulse current", Advanced Materials Research, Cilt 135, 293-297, 2010.
29. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Su kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği, 2004.
30. Pehlivan, E. ve Altun, T., "Ion-exchange of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ ions from aqueous solution by Lewatit CNP 80", Journal of Hazardous Materials, Cilt 140, 299307, 2007.
31. Abreu, M. R. T., Barros, F. C. F., Raulino, G. S. C., Moura, C. P., Nascimento, R. F.., "Metal Ions Removal From Synthetic Solutions and Produced Water Using Activated Zeolite", International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Cilt 12, No 3, 20-25, 2012.
32. Yahorava V., Kotze M., Auerswald D., "Evaluation of different adsorbents for copper removal from cobalt electrolyte", The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Base Metals Conference 2013, 283-298, 2013