Akşehir Gölü’ndeki su seviye çekilmesinin meteorolojik ve uydu verileri ile incelenmesi

İklim değişikliği bilinen bir konu olmasına rağmen, sonuçlarını tahmin edebilmek kolay değildir.Türkiye'nin Göller Bölgesinde bulunan göllerin su seviyeleri azalmaktadır. Önemli kuş göç yolları üzerindebulunan ve 2008 de tamamen kuruyan Akşehir Gölü Göller Bölgesinde bulunur. Çalışmada Akşehir Gölününçekilmesi ve kuruması esnasında meteorolojik ve hidrolojik parametrelerin değişimi incelenmiştir. Akşehir Gölü'nün kıyı şeridi çekilmesi ile ilgili önceki çalışmalar, bunu artan sıcaklık ve evapotranspirasyon iledüşük yağış ve azalan yüzey sularına bağlamıştır. Burada, karla kaplı alan (KKA) ve süresi (KS) ile kar sueşdeğeri (KSE) değişkenleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, toprak neminin (TN) araştırılması literatüre olankatkılardır. KKA, KS, KSE ve TN uydu görüntülerinden elde edilmiş, Akşehir Gölü'nün kuruduğu 2008 yılıiçin KKA ve KS'nin en düşük seviyede olduğu bulunmuştur. KSE ve TN'de en az seviyede olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bulgular, gölün kuruması süresinde, hava sıcaklıklarının uzun dönem ortalamalarınanazaran daha yüksek, yağışların ise daha az olması ile uyum içeresindedir. Uzun döneme nazaran dahayüksek gözlenen buharlaşma değerleri ise göl çekilmesini hızlandırmış ve göl 2008'de kurumuştur

Assessing Akşehir Lake’s recession using meteorological and Earth observation data

Climate change is an acknowledged phenomenon. Even so, its consequences are not easily predictable. Lakesin Lakes Region of southwestern Turkey have been shrinking. Akşehir Lake, located on important birdmigration routes, is one of those aforementioned lakes that has continually shrunk until completely dryingup in 2008. This study aims to investigate the variation of meteorological and hydrological parameters during the shrinking and drying up of Lake Akşehir. Previous studies were mainly related with coastline changes ofAkşehir Lake and attributed the changes to increased air temperatures and evaporation in conjunction withreduced precipitation and decreased surface flow. In this study, snow dynamics, both snow cover (SC) extentand duration besides snow water equivalent (SWE) are also investigated. Moreover, the inclusion of soilmoisture (SM) data is additions to the current literature. SC, SWE and SM data obtained from satellite imagesrecorded over the study area indicated that SC both in extent and duration was smallest during the 2008winter- the same year in which the lake totally dried. SWE and SM values were also lowest during the studyperiod. These were in agreement with the highest recorded air temperatures and reduced precipitation withrespect to long-term averages over the study period. Recorded high evaporations above the long-term averages might have intensified recession which eventually resulted in drying of lake in 2008

PDF

___

1. Winter T.C., The hydrology of lakes. In: O’Sullivan P. E., Reynolds C.S. (eds) The Lakes Handbook, Limnology and Limnetic Ecology. Blackwell Publishing, 1, 2004.
2. Sener E., Davraz A., Sener S., Investigation of Akşehir and Eber Lakes (SW Turkey) coastline change with multitemporal satellite images. Water Resour. Manage. 24, 727-745. 2010.
3. DSI.,Wetland management plan for Akṣehir and Eber Lakes 2008-2012, (in Turkish), 2008.
4. Bahadır M., Determination of spatial changes of Akşehir Lake with remote perception techniques. (in Turkish) Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi 28, 246-275, 2013.
5. Yıldırım Ü, Erdoğan S, Uysal M., Changes in the coastline and water level of the Akşehir and Eber Lakes between 1975 and 2009. Water Resour. Manage, 24, 941-962, 2011.
6. Akyürek Z, Surer S and Beser Ö., Investigation of the snow-cover dynamics in the Upper Euphrates Basin of Turkey using remotely sensed snow-cover products and hydro meteorological data, Hydrological Processes, 25, 3637-3648. 2011.
7. Leroux DJ, Pellarin T, Vischel T, Cohard JM, Gascon T, Gibın F, Mialon A, Galle S, Peugeot C, Segıis L., Assimilation of SMOS soil moisture into a distributed hydrological model and impacts on the water cycle variables over Queme catchment in Benin. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2827-2840, 2016.
8. Tombul M., Mapping field soil moisture for hydrological modeling, Water Resources Management 21, 1865-1880, 2007.
9. Zhuo L., Han D., Dai Q., Islam T., Srivastava P.K., Apprasial of NLDAS-2 multi-model simulated soil moistures for hydrological modelling. Water Resources Management, 29, 3503-3517. 2015.
10. Lievens H., Tomer S. K., Al Bitar A., De Lannoy G. J. M., Drusch M., Dumedahe G., Hendricks Franssen J. H., Kerr Y. H., Pan M., Roundyh J. K.,Vereeckenf H., Walker J. P., Wood E. F.,Verhoest N.E.C., Pauwels V.R.N., SMOS soil moisture assimilation for improved hydrologic simulation in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia. Remote Sensing of Environment 168, 2016.
11. Akşehir, 2016. http://www.aksehir.gov.tr/cografikonum. (Erişim Tarihi 6 Nisan 2016).
12. Tekeli A.E., Akyürek Z., Şorman A.A., Şensoy A., Şorman A.U., Using MODIS snow cover maps in modeling snowmelt runoff process in the eastern part of Turkey, Remote Sensing of Environment, ISSN 0034- 4257, 97 (2), 216-230, 30 July 2005.
13. Tekeli Y. ve Tekeli A.E., A technique for improving MODIS standard snow products for snow cover monitoring over Eastern Turkey. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 5, 353-363, 2012.
14. Gafurov A. ve Bárdossy A., Cloud removal methodology from MODIS snow cover product. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci, 13, 1361-1373, 2009.
15. Parajka J. and Blöschl G., Spatio-temporal combination of MODIS images—potential for snow cover mapping. Water Resources Research, 44, W03406, 2008.
16. NSIDC, http://nsidc.org/data/docs/noaa/g02156_ims_snow_ice_ analysis/index.html (Erişim tarihi 26 Aralık 2016).
17. Mazari N., Tekeli A.E., Xie H., Sharif H.O., El Hassan A.A., Assessment of icemapping systemandmoderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer snow cover maps over Colorado Plateau., J Appl Remote Sens 7., 2013.
18. Ataṣ M., Tekeli A.E., Dönmez S., Fouli H., Use of interactive multisensor snow and ice mapping system snow cover maps and artificial neural networks for simulating river discharges in eastern Turkey. Arabian J Geosci., 9, 198, 2016.
19. Sönmez İ., Tekeli A.E., Erdi E., Snow cover trend analysis using Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System data over Turkey. Int. J. Climatol, 34, 2349–2361, 2014.
20. Helfrich S.R., McNamara D., Ramsay B.H., Baldwin T., Kasheta T., Enhancements to and forthcoming developments in the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS). Hydrol Processes, 21, 1576–1586, 2007.
21. Ramsay B. H., Prospects for the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS), 57th Eastern Snow Conference, Syracuse, New York, USA, 2000.
22. Sorman A.U., Beser O., Determination of snow water equivalent over the eastern part of Turkey using passive microwave data. Hydrol. Process., 27, 1945–1958, 2013.
23. Tekeli A.E., Early findings in comparison of AMSRE/Aqua L3 global snow water equivalent EASE-grids Dönmez / Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University 33:1 (2018) 177-188 188 data with in situ observations for Eastern Turkey, Hydrological Processes, 22, 2737-2747, 2008.
24. Mladenova I., Venkat Lakshmi V., T.J., Walker J.P., Merlin O., De Jeu R. A.M.adenova I., Validation of AMSR-E soil moisture using L-band airborne radiometer data from National Airborne Field Experiment 2006. Remote Sensing of Environment, 115, 2093-2103, 2011.
25. NSIDC SWE., https://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/ae_swe _ease-grids.gd.html (Erişim tarihi 29 Eylül 2016).
26. GCOM,. https://gcom-w1.jaxa.jp/ (Erişim tarihi 29 Eylül 2016).
27. Özdemir M.A. and Bahadır M., Hydro-Climate Trend Analysis of Akşehir and Eber Lakes. Physical Geography Researches: Systematic and Regional, Turkish Geographical Society 5, 181-198 (in Turkish), 2011.
28. Gökmen M., Spatio-temporal trends in the hydroclimate of Turkey for the last decades based on two reanalysis datasets. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discu. DOI:10.5194/hess-2016-23, 2016 Manuscript under review for journal Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 2016.
29. MGM. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/files/iklim/2008-yiliiklim-degerlendirmesi.pdf
30. Akbaṣ A., Turkiye uzerindeki onemli kurak yillar. Cografi Bilimler Dergisi, 12 (2), 101-118, 2014.
31. Tekeli A.E., Augmenting in situ lake level measurements with Earth observation satellites. Teknik Dergi, Under Review, 2018.
32. Yılmaz M., Drought analysis of Konya Closed Basin with the use of TMPA sat ellite-based precipitation data, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 32 (2), 541-549, 2017.
33. http://www.aksehir.bel.tr/portal/index.php/aksehir/akse hir-golu (Erişim Tarihi 29 Eylül 2016).