Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarına Dayalı Bir Sistemde Güç Kalitesinin İncelenmesi

Güç sistemlerinde şebekeye bağlı doğrusal olmayan elektriksel yükler pratikte güç elektroniği devre elemanları üzerinde önemli ölçüde güç kalitesi sorunları oluşturmaktadır. Artan enerji talebine bağlı olarak yenilenebilir enerjinin kurulu güçteki üretim oranındaki artış günden güne bu etkilerin giderek daha ciddi boyutlara ulaşmasına sebep olmaktadır. Enerji kalitesi konusunda yapılan bu detaylı çalışma ile genel olarak teoride ve pratikte enerji kalitesi izlemenin büyük bir önem taşıdığı vurgulanmıştır. Bu çalışma, klasik ve akıllı şebekelerde bu dinamik değişimler karşısında dengeleyiciler, röle tasarımı, kontrol teknolojileri, güç kalitesi analizi ve izlemesine genel bir bakış sunarak şebeke alt yapısının gelişimine yönelik yapılabilecek yatırımlara ve teknolojik katkılara ışık tutmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca, güç sistemlerinde enerji kalitesi düzenleyicilerine yönelik topolojilere ve kontrol yöntemlerine, özellikle de güç kalitesinin yeni özelliklerine göre dağıtılmış enerji santrallerinde uygulanabilir kontrol teknolojilerine odaklanmaktadır. Son olarak, akıllı şebekelerde güvenilir ve verimli çalışma için önemli olan güç kalitesi izleme teknolojisinin eğilimleri ve beklentileri sunulmuştur.

Investigation of Power Quality in a System Based on Renewable Energy Sources

In the power systems, non-linear electrical loads connected to the grid in practice pose significant power quality problems on power electronics circuit elements. Due to the increasing energy demand and the increase in the production rate of renewable energy in installed power, these effects are becoming more and more serious day by day. With this in-depth study of energy quality, studies in general emphasized that monitoring energy quality in theory and practice is of great importance. This study aims to shed light on the investments and technological developments that can be made for the development of the network infrastructure by providing an overview of these dynamic new situations changes in classical and smart networks, stabilizers, relay design, control technologies, power quality analysis and monitoring. It also focuses on topologies and control methods for energy quality regulators in power systems, especially applicable control technologies in distributed power plants according to the new features of power quality. Finally, the trends and expectations of power quality monitoring technology, which are important for reliable and efficient operation in smart grids, are presented.

___

  • [1] E. Styvaktakis, M. H. Bollen, and I. Y. Gu, "Classification of power system events: Voltage dips," in Harmonics and Quality of Power, 2000. Proceedings. Ninth International Conference on, 2000, pp. 745-750.
  • [2] N. Edomah, "Effects of voltage sags, swell and other disturbances on electrical equipment and their economic implications," in IEEE Proc. of 20th International Conference on Electricity Distribution, 2009.
  • [3] R. Thallam and G. Heydt, "Power acceptability and voltage sag indices in the three-phase sense," in Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2000. IEEE, 2000, pp. 905-910.
  • [4] C.-I. Chen, Y.-C. Chen, and C.-N. Chen, "A high-resolution technique for flicker measurement in power quality monitoring," in Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2013 8th IEEE Conference on, 2013, pp. 528-533.
  • [5] Steven Warren Blume, Electric power system basics: for the nonelectrical professional. John Wiley & Sons, pp. 199,2007
  • [6] Bollen, M., “Understanding Power Quality Problems – Voltage Sags and Interruptions”, IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering – John Wiley and Sons, Piscataway, USA (2000).
  • [7] Delgado, J., “Gestão da Qualidade Total Aplicada ao Sector do Fornecimento da Energia Eléctrica”, Thesis submitted to fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD. in Electrotechnical Engineering, Coimbra, September 2002.
  • [8] Y. Yan, Y. Qian, H. Sharif and D. Tipper, “IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials”, Volume: 15, Issue: 1, First Quarter 2013, 10.1109/SURV.2012.021312.00034
  • [9] Miller TJE, Reactive power control in electric system Wiley, New York, 1982.
  • [10] Wang ZA, Yang J, Liu JJ., Harmonic suppression and reactive power compensation. Machinery Industry Press, Beijing (in Chinese), 2006.
  • [11] Green MA., “Third generation photovoltaics: comparative evaluation of advanced solar conversion options”. In: Proceedings of the 29th IEEE photovoltaic specialists conference, New Orleans, 19–24 May 2002, pp 1330–1334, 2002.
  • [12] Zhao ZM, Liu JZ, Sun XY (2005) Solar photovoltaic power generation and its application. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
  • [13] Ackerman T. ed., “Wind Power in Power Systems”, ISBN 0-470-85508-8, John Wiley & Sons, England, 2005.
  • [14] Gilbert M., “Renewable and efficient electric power systems”, ISBN 0-471-28060-7, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2004.
  • [15] Jordi Pegueroles-Queralt, et. al., “A Power Smoothing System Based on Supercapacitors for Renewable Distributed Generation”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Volume: 62 , Issue: 1 , Jan. 2015
  • [16] Lie Zhang, et. al., “A review of supercapacitor modeling, estimation, and applications: A control/management perspective”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, volume 81, Part 2, January 2018, Pages 1868-1878
  • [17] Ozcanli, AK, Yaprakdal, F, Baysal, M. Deep learning methods and applications for electrical power systems: A comprehensive review. Int J Energy Res. 2020; 1– 22. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5331
  • [18] El-Saadany EF, Salama MMA, Chikhani AY (2000) Passive filter design for harmonic reactive power compensation in single-phase circuits supplying
  • [19] Ali Moradi Amani, Nozhatalzaman Gaeini, Mahdi Jalili, Xinghuo Yu, “Voltage Control in Distributed Generation Systems Based on Complex Network Approach” Energy Procedia, volume 110, March 2017, Pages 334-339
  • [20] Francisc Zavoda, “Advanced distribution automation (ADA) applications and power quality in Smart Grids” CICED 2010 Proceedings IEEE, 22 March 2011, China
  • [21] Yaprakdal, F.; Yılmaz, M.B.; Baysal, M.; Anvari-Moghaddam, A. A Deep Neural Network-Assisted Approach to Enhance Short-Term Optimal Operational Scheduling of a Microgrid. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1653.
  • [22] Qiang Fu, “Microgrid Generation Capacity Design With Renewables and Energy Storage Addressing Power Quality and Surety” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, volume: 3 , Issue: 4 , Dec. 2012
  • [23] Yaprakdal, F.; Baysal, M.; Anvari-Moghaddam, A. Optimal Operational Scheduling of Reconfigurable Microgrids in Presence of Renewable Energy Sources. Energies 2019, 12, 1858.
  • [24] H.L. Jou, J.C. Wu, K.D. Wu, “Parallel operation of passive power filter and hybrid power filter for harmonic suppression” IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Volume 148, Issue 1, 2001
  • [25] Akagi H., “Trend in active power line conditioners”. IEEE Trans Power Electron 9(3):263–268, 1994.
  • [26] Khadkikar V, Chandra A., “A new control philosophy for a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) to coordinate loadreactive power demand between shunt and series inverters”. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 23(4):2522–2534, 2008.
  • [27] Zeng Xiang, et. al. “Design, control and comparative analysis of an LCLC coupling hybrid active power filter” The Institution of Engineering and Technology, vol 23,1, 2020.
  • [28] Tur, M.R., Wadi, M., Shobole, A. and Ay S., “Load Frequency Control of Two Area Interconnected Power System Using Fuzzy Logic Control and PID Controller” IEEE ICRERA 14-17 Oct. 2018, France
  • [29] Zhao W., “Harmonic suppression and reactive power compensation theory and application research in high voltage distribution networks”. Ph D Thesis, Hunan University, Changsha, 2010.
  • [30] Faleh A. and Marcelo G. S., “Current Balancing Algorithm for Three-Phase Multilevel Current Source Inverters”, Energies 2020, 13(4), 860; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040860
  • [31] Zhongjie G., Wei W., Laijun C., Zhaojian W. and Shengwei M., “Operation of Distribution Network Considering Compressed Air Energy Storage Unit and its Reactive Power Support Capability” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 1 - 1 (Early Access), 10.1109/TSG.2020.2966742, 2020
  • [32] Ricardo M., Arias V., Jennifer V., Mejía L., “Harmonic failure in the filter of Static Var Compensator” Engineering Failure Analysis Volume 107, January 2020, 104207
  • [33] Gyuyi L, Talor ER, “Characteristic of static, thyristorcontrolled shunt compensators for power transmission system applications”. IEEE Trans Power Appar Syst 99(5):1795–1804, 1980.
  • [34] Sasidharan S., et. al., “Power system loading margin enhancement by optimal STATCOM integration – A case study”, Computers & Electrical Engineering, Volume 81, January 2020, 106521
  • [35] Ghosh A, Ledwich G., “Load compensating DSTATCOM in weak AC systems”. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 18(4):1302–1309, 2003.
  • [36] Tesfahun M., “Power Quality Improvement in Distribution System Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer”, Handbook of Research on New Solutions and Technologies in Electrical Distribution Networks, pp.16, 10.4018/978-1-7998-1230-2.ch003, 2020
  • [37] Chan K, Kara A, Kieboom G, “Power quality improvement with solid state transfer switches”. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on harmonics and quality of power, vol 1, Athens, pp 210–215, 14–18 Oct 1998.
  • [38] B. Singh, et.al., “A review of single-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Volume: 50 , Issue: 5 , Oct. 2003
  • [39] Bashi SM, Jasni J, Weng OY., “Voltage regulation of uninterrupted power supplies. In: Proceedings of the IEEE student conference on research and development” (SCOReD’03), Putrajaya, pp 385– 389,25–26 Aug 2003
  • [40] P. Sundaramoorthi, V. Prasannamoorthy, R. Kathiravan, “Design and Implementation of Battery Based Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Power Quality Issues in Domestic Grid” TEST Engineering and Management, ISSN: 0193-4120 Page No. 3148-3152, 2020
  • [41] Liu JW, Choi SS, Chen S., “Design of step dynamic voltage regulator for power quality enhancement”. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 18(4):1403–1409, 2003.
  • [42] Surya P.T. and Satish K.P. “A New Topology of Interline Unified Power-Quality Conditioner for Multi Feeder System”, Advances in Decision Sciences, Image Processing, Security and Computer Vision pp 507-519, 2019
  • [43] Fujita H, Akagi H. “The unified power quality conditioner: the integration of series and shunt-active filters”. IEEE Trans Power Electron 13(2):315–322, 1998.
  • [44] Lesnicar A, Marquardt R, “An innovative modular multilevel converter topology suitable for a wide power range”. In: Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Bologna power technology conference, vol 3, 6 pp Bologna, 23–26 June 2003,
  • [45] Kouro S, Malinowski M, Gopakumar K et al., “Recent advances and industrial applications of multilevel converters”. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 57(8):2553–2580, 2010
  • [46] Yongchun Y., et. al., “Energy Storage Characteristic Analysis of Voltage Sags Compensation for UPQC Based on MMC for Medium Voltage Distribution System” Energies 2018, 11(4), 923; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11040923
  • [47] Ghetti FT, Ferreira AA, Brage HAC, et al. (2012) A study of shunt active power filter based on modular multilevel converter (MMC). In: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE/IAS international conference on industry applications (INDUSCON’12), Fortaleza, 5–7 Nov 2012, 6 pp
  • [48] Lawan, A.U., “Power compensation for vector-based current control of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) based STATCOM”, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems; Yogyakarta Vol. 10, Iss. 4, (Dec 2019): 1781-1796.
  • [49] Nieves M, Maza JM, Mauricio JM, et al. (2014) Enhanced control strategy for MMC-based STATCOM for unbalanced load compensation. In: Proceedings of the 16th European conference on power electronics and applications (EPE’14-ECCE Europe), Lappeenranta, 26–28 Aug 2014, 10 pp
  • [50] Wanfeng Z., Guang F., Yan F.L. and Bin W., “A digital power factor correction (PFC) control strategy optimized for DSP”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, volume: 19 , Issue: 6 , Nov. 2004.
  • [51] Long YB, Xiao XN, Xu YH et al., “MMC-UPQC: application of modular multilevel converter on unified power quality conditioner”. In: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Power and Energy Society general meeting (PES’13), Vancouver, 5 pp, 21–23 July 2013.
  • [52] Tur, M.R. and Bayindir, R., “A Review of Active Power and Frequency Control in Smart Grid” 2019 1st Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (IEEE GPECOM2019), June 12-15, 2019, Cappadocia, Turkey
  • [53] Yao K, Ruan XB, Zou C et al (2012) Three-phase single-switch boost PFC converters with high input power factor. Proc CSEE 32(6):97–105 (in Chinese)
  • [54] Sheng L., Zheng X., Wen H., Geng T., Yinglin X., “Electromechanical Transient Modeling of Modular Multilevel Converter Based Multi-Terminal HVDC Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, volume: 29 , Issue: 1 , Jan. 2014.
  • [55] Zeng Z, Zhao RX, Yang H et al (2012) A multi-functional gridconnected inverter and its application to customized power quality of microgrid. Power Syst Technol 36(5):58–67
  • [56] Lei Z., et. al., “Modeling, control, and protection of modular multilevel converter-based multi- terminal HVDC systems: A review”, CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, volume: 3 , Issue: 4 , Dec. 2017.
  • [57] Leung CK, Dutta S, Baek S et al (2010) Design considerations of high voltage and high frequency three phase transformer for solid state transformer application. In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE energy conversion congress and exposition (ECCE’10), Atlanta, 12–16 Sept 2010, pp 1551–1558
  • [58] Xiaoqian L., Qiang S., Wenhua L., Hong R., Shukai X. And Licheng L., “Protection of Nonpermanent Faults on DC Overhead Lines in MMC-Based HVDC Systems” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, volume: 28, Issue: 1 , Jan. 2013.
  • [59] World Energy Outlook 2019, International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15 France
  • [60] F. Blaabjerg, R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, and A. V. Timbus, "Overview of control and grid synchronization for distributed power generation systems," IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 53, pp. 1398-1409, 2006.
  • [61] F. Blaabjerg, Z. Chen, and S. B. Kjaer, "Power electronics as efficient interface in dispersed power generation systems," IEEE transactions on power electronics, vol. 19, pp. 1184-1194, 2004
  • [62] M.R. Tur, S. Ay, A. Shobole, M. Wadi, “Güç Sistemlerinde ünite tahsisi için döner rezerv gereksinimi optimal değerinin kayıp parametrelerin dikkate alınarak hesaplanması”, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering & Architecture of Gazi University . 2018, Vol. 2018 Issue 18, Part 2, p1-20. 20p.
  • [63] I. E. C. (IEC). (August 13). Grid Integration of Large-Capacity Renewable Energy Sources and Use of Large-Capacity Electrical Energy Storage [White Paper]. Available: http://www.iec.ch/whitepaper/pdf/iecWP-gridintegrationlargecapacity-LR-en.pdf
  • [64] Eklas H., Mehmet Rida T., Sanjeevikumar P., Selim A., Imtiaj K., “Analysis and Mitigation of Power Quality Issues in Distributed Generation Systems Using Custom Power Devices”, IEEE Access, Volume: 6, 2018
  • [65] K. Suslov, N. Solonina, and A. Smirnov, "Distributed power quality monitoring," in Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), 2014 IEEE 16th International Conference on, 2014, pp. 517-520.
  • [66] F.-s. Zhang, Z. Geng, and Y. Ge, "FFT algorithm with high accuracy for harmonic analysis in power system," PROCEEDINGS-CHINESE SOCIETY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 19, pp. 63-66, 1999
  • [67] T. Lobos, T. Kozina, and H.-J. Koglin, "Power system harmonics estimation using linear least squares method and SVD," IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 148, pp. 567-572, 2001.
  • [68] William D. Stanley, Technical Analysis & Applications with MATLAB, Thomson Delmar Learning, Canada, pp. 429-446, 2005.
  • [69] J.B. Reddy & D.K. Mohanta, B.M. Karan, Power System Disturbance Recognition Using Wavelet and S-Transform Techniques, International Journal of EEPS (1)1007, 2004.
  • [70] Randall Shaffer, Fundamentals of Power Electronics with MATLAB, Thomson Delmar Learning, Boston-Massachusetts, pp. 33-36, 2007.
  • [71] Liu, Z.; Cui, Y.; Li, W. A classification method for complex power quality disturbances using EEMD and rank wavelet SVM. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2015, 6, 1678–1685
  • [72] Arrillaga J. & Watson N.R, Power System Quality Assessment, John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, 1985.
  • [73] L.-l. ZHANG and G.-z. WANG, "New Artificial Neural Network Approach for Measuring Harmonics [J]," Proceedings of Electric Power System and Automation, vol. 2, p. 009, 2004.
  • [74] D. Castaldo, D. Gallo, C. Landi, R. Langella, and A. Testa, "Power quality analysis: a distributed measurement system," in Power Tech Conference Proceedings, 2003 IEEE Bologna, 2003, p. 6 pp. Vol. 3.
  • [75] W. Huang and Y. Dai, "Energy Operator and Wavelet Transform Approach to Online Detection of Power Quality Disturbances," in Signal Processing, 2006 8th International Conference on.
  • [76] M.R. Tür, “Solution Methods and Recommendations for Power Quality Analysis in Power Systems”, Journal of Engineering and Technology 2;2 (2018) 1-9
  • [77] W. Tong, S. Yuan, Z. Li, and X. Song, "Detection of voltage flicker based on hilbert transform and wavelet denoising," in Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, 2008. DRPT 2008. Third International Conference on, 2008, pp. 2286-2289.
Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji-Cover
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2013
  • Yayıncı: Gazi Üniversitesi , Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü