Subnasale to Gnathion Distance and Nasal Index of Children with Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease in Port-Harcourt

Anahtar Kelimeler:

-

Subnasale to Gnathion Distance and Nasal Index of Children with Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease in Port-Harcourt

Aim: This study is designed to determine changes in some of craniofacial parameters such as subnasale to gnathion distance and nasal index in sickle cell anaemia in comparison to the healthy children in Port-Harcourt.Method: In this research which span over a two year period, measurements were taken of the facial indices (nasal and the subnasale to gnathion distances) of 100 confirmed homozygous (SS) children who attended the Sickle cell clinic of the University of Port Harcourt teaching Hospital and 500 normal growing children, drawn from the University of Port Harcourt Day Care Centre and Demonstration Nursery, Primary and Secondary Schools.Result: Results from the study showed that mean values for nasal index were lower, though, not statistically significant, showing tendency towards more platyrrhine noses which is most prominent between ages 2-5 years when skull growth is at its peak. Mean values of subnasale to gnathion distance were higher but also not statistically significant among age groups for sickle cell anaemia.Conclusion: These features were put forward to explain the possible facial dysmorphology associated with the long term effect of haemolytic anaemia at the different stages of postnatal skull growth

Keywords:

Normal growth, Sickle cell disease, subnasale to gnathion distance nasal index,

PDF

___

Kwiatkowski DP. How malaria has affected the human genome and what human genetics can teach us about ma- laria. Am J Hum Genet 2005;77:171–92.
Wright, SW, Zeldin MH, Wrenn K, Miller O. Screening for sickle-cell trait in the emergency department. JGIM 1994; 9:421-4.
Platt OS, Brambilla DJ, Rosse WF et al. Mortality in sickle cell disease. Life expectancy and risk factors for early death. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1639–44
Bunn HF, Forget BG. Hemoglobin: Molecular, Genetic and Clinical Aspects. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1986.
Ogunranti JO, Didia BC. Height and puberty in contempo- rary healthy Nigerian growing children: A clinical anthro- pological study. J Trop Paed 1986;32:36-40.
Athale UH, Chitu C. The effect of sickle cell disease in adolescent and their growth and development – Lesson from the sickle cell disease clinics. J Trop Paed 1994;40: 246-53.
Ejele OA, Asomugha AL, Fawehinmi HB. Some Morphometric changes associated with sickle cell anae- mia in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. J Exp Clin Anat 2004;3:26-8.
Farkas IG, Lindsay WKL. Ear morphology in cleft lip and palate anomaly. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryng 1973;206: 57-68.
Weech AA. Sign posts on highway of growth. Am J Dis Child 1945;88:452.
Whitter CF. Growth status of children with sickle cell anaemia. Am J Dis Child 1961;102:355–63.
Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH. Clinical longitudinal stan- dards for height, weight, velocity and stages of puberty. Arch Dis Child 1976;51:176–89.
Morley DC. Growth Charts - Curative or Preventive. Arch Dis Child 1977;395-8.
Tanner JM. A history of the study of human growth. Cambridge University Press 1981; 286-98.
Fawehinmi HB, Osunwoke AE, Ligha AE, Okoh PD. A com- parative study on the cephalic indices of normal grow- ing children and children with sickle cell anaemia in Port Harcourt. J Exp Clin Anat 2008;7:27-9.
Konotey-Ahulu, FID. Effects of environment on sickle cell disease in West Africa: Epidemiologic and clinical consid- erations in sickle cell disease. Diagnosis, Management, Education and Research. Aranson, Bertles and Whitters (eds). The C. V. Mosby Co 1973; 20-25.
Lesi FEA. Anthropometric status of sickle cell anaemia patients in Lagos, Nigeria. Nig Med J 1979;9:337–42
Kramer MS, Rooks Y, Washington L, Pearson HA. Growth and development in children with sickle cell trait. A pro- spective study of Matched Pairs. N Engl J Med 1978;299: 686-9.
Phebus CK, Gloniger MF, Maciak BJ. Growth patterns by age and sex in children with sickle cell anaemia. J Paed 1984;105:28-33.
Gupte, Suraj. 2001. Paediatric Haematology. The Short Textbook of Paediatrics. 9th edn. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 2001;416–22.
Farkas LG, James JS. Anthropometry of the face in lat- eral dysplasia: The unilateral form. Cleft Palate J 1977; 14:193-9.
Licciardello V, Bertuna G, Samperi P. 2007. Acial morphol- ogy in patients with sickle cell disease: a cephalometric analysis. The Euro J Orthod 2007;29(3):238-42.
Brown DL, Sebes JI. Sickle cell gnathopathy - radiologi- cal assessment. Oral Surg Oral med Oral pathol 1986;61: 653-6.
Akpa AOC, Ugwu C, Maliki AO, Maliki SO. Morphometric study of the nasal parameters in Nigerian Igbos. J Exp Clin Anat 2003;2:24-5.
Oladipo GS, Olabiyi AO, Oremosu AA, Noronho CC. 2007. Nasal indices among major ethnic groups in Southern Nigeria. Sci Res Essays.2007; :20-22.
Fawehinmi HB, Dibamode EIE, Osunwoke AE, Ligha AE. Anthropometric study of nasal index of kalabari people of Nigeria. scientia Africana 2009;17(2):140-2.
Risley HH. The people of India. 2nd Edn. Crooke W. (ed). 1915: 022
Ekeke GI. Sickle Cell Anaemia: Basic Understanding and Management. 2nd edn., Harrisco Press Publishers 2001: 334-41