COVID-19 Hastalarının Klinik ve Radyolojik Özellikleri: Eskişehir’de Tek Merkez Deneyimi

Giriş: Yeni koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) dünya çapında bir pandemiye neden oldu. COVID-19'un çok çeşitli klinik belirtileri vardır. Eşlik eden hastalıkları olan 65 yaş üstü hastalar ciddi hastalıklara karşı daha savunmasızdır. Bu çalışma, hastalığın klinik, laboratuvar ve görüntüleme özelliklerini karakterize etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntemler: Bu çalışma Eskişehir Şehir Hastanesi'nde yapılmıştır. 15 Nisan 2020 ile 15 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında doğrulanmış COVID-19 olan 435 hastanın tıbbi kayıtları geriye dönük olarak analiz edildi. Hastalar yaşlarına göre <18 yaş, 18-64 yaş ve ≥65 yaş olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Bu grupların klinik, laboratuvar ve radyolojik verileri karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: 435 hastanın ortalama yaşı 35.5 idi ve %59,5'i erkekti. Hastanede yatan hastalarda genel ölüm oranı %3,4 iken, yaşlı hastalarda daha yüksek oran (%23, p<0,001) kaydedilmiştir. En sık görülen semptomlar öksürük (%61,8) ve ateş (%54) idi. Yaşlı hastalar anlamlı olarak daha yüksek d-dimer ve daha düşük lenfosit seviyelerine sahipti. 184 hastada toraks bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) anormaldi. BT'de COVID-19'un en yaygın özellikleri, çoğunlukla alt loblarda periferik dağılıma sahip bilateral multilobar buzlu cam dansiteleri (BCD) olarak saptandı. Sonuç: COVID-19, özellikle yaşlı hastalarda sağlık tesislerine önemli bir yük getirmektedir. Yaşlı COVID-19 hastaları farklı klinik, laboratuvar ve radyolojik özelliklere sahiptir. Öksürük ve ateşin en sık görülen klinik semptomlar olduğunu, lenfopeni ve yüksek d-dimer düzeylerinin yaygın laboratuvar bulguları olduğunu ve toraks BT'nin COVID-19 pnömonisinin değerlendirilmesinde yararlı bir araç olduğunu onaylıyoruz. Pandemi yeniden enfeksiyona neden olabilecek yeni koronavirüs varyantlarıyla devam ettiği için gelecekte bunun gibi çalışmaların tekrarlanması gerektiğine inanıyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

COVID-19, Pnömoni, SARS-CoV-2

Clinical and Radiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients: A Single Center Experience in Eskişehir

Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 has a wide range of clinical manifestations. Patients over the age of 65 who have comorbidities are more vulnerable to severe disease. This study aims to characterize the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of the disease. Methods: This study was conducted in Eskisehir City Hospital, Turkey. Medical records of 435 patients with confirmed COVID-19 between 15 April 2020, and 15 June 2020, were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into three groups according to age: <18 years old, 18 to 64 years old, and ≥65 years old. The clinical, laboratory, and radiological data of these groups were compared. Results: Of the 435 patients, the mean age was 35.5 years and 59.5% were male. The overall death rate was 3.4% in hospitalized patients, but among elderly patients a higher rate was noted (%23, p<0.001). The most frequent symptoms were cough (61.8%) and fever (54%). Elderly patient had significantly higher d-dimer and lower lymphocyte levels. Thorax computarized tomographies (CT) were abnormal in 184 patients. Most common features of COVID-19 on CT included bilateral multilobar ground-glass opafications (GGO) with a peripheral distribution mainly in the lower lobes. Conclusion: COVID-19 places a significant burden on healthcare facilities, particularly in elderly patients. Older COVID-19 patients had distinct clinical, laboratory and radiological features. We confirm that cough and fever are the most frequent clinical symptoms, lymphopenia and high d-dimer levels are common laboratory findings and, thorax CT is a helpful tool for evaluation of the COVID-19 pneumonia. As the pandemic continues with new coronavirus variants that could cause more reinfections studies like this should be repeated in the future.

Keywords:

COVID-19, Pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2,

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